Introduction: Optimization of waste collection systems can reduce waste management costs. In this study, optimization of the waste collection system of district 3 of Yazd municipality of Iran has been investigated using underground containers. Materials and Methods: In this research, after collecting information and performing field inspections, the statistical and raster information obtained ...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are byproducts of combustion and are ubiquitous in the urban environment. They are also present in industrial chemical wastes, such as coal tar, petroleum refinery sludges, waste oils and fuels, and wood-treating residues. Thus, PAHs are chemicals of concern at many waste sites. Risk assessment methods will yield riskbased cleanup levels for PAHs that rang...

abstract in current world environmental and mainly urban wastes are originated mostly from massive human habitat areas, and have caused disturbance, uncomfortable landscape, environmental risks and dissatisfaction. saqqez city with a population of 140000 is one of the largest cities in kurdistan province. due to population increase, consumptions and changes in nutritional habits of people, the ...

today in developing and some developed countries source separation of waste project is following coherently because of shortage of keeping abnormal wastes places and landfill band and also economic considerations. hence, recycling and conversion materials organizations of municipalities have done some projects which resulted in increasing the participation of families in separation of valuable ...

The practice of urban drainage has been traced back to some of the earliest recorded histories of humankind. The expeditious conveyance of stormwater from urbanized areas was motivated primarily by reasons of convenience and the reduction of ̄ood damage potential. The removal of domestic wastes from households using waterborne conveyances was also found to be convenient. Such practices to improv...

The author contends that healthy communities must be both environmentally and socially sustainable, given that health depends on the quality of the built and natural environments, and that global change resulting from the industrial economy is affecting the web of life. He argues that suburban sprawl wastes scarce resources and disproportionately places those resources in the hands of suburban ...

Like any living system, urban communities consume material and energy inputs, process them into usable forms, and eliminate the wastes from the process. This can be seen as "metabolism" of industry, commerce, municipal operations and households. Understanding the pattern of these energy and material flows through a community's economy provides a systemic reading of the present situation for goa...

This study examines whether plankton of the Lagoon of Venice could be considered as a bio-indicator of areas subjected to various anthropogenic influences. This study was a two year hydrochemical and biological survey in five areas of the Lagoon of Venice, each with different environmental conditions due to pollution from urban, industrial, thermal and agricultural wastes. Phytoplankton associa...

Nonpoint, or diffuse, sources of water pollution include urban sources such as runoff from residential, commercial, industrial, transportation, and recreational land uses; construction activities; and onsite sewage disposal systems and rural sources such as runoff from cropland, pasture, and woodland, atmospheric contributions, and livestock wastes. These sources of pollutants discharge to surf...

The objective of the study is to analyse the actual availability of water resources and its impact on human health deterioration. The following aspects were studied: (a) human activities and environmental deterioration; (b) statistics on the availability and demand of water resources; (c) urban and industry wastes as sources of water resources contamination; and (d) deleterious effect of contam...