Urban air quality, and its variability in space and time, is a critical issue for human exposure and health related studies. In this work, we investigated the intra-urban distribution of SO2, NOx, NO2, Benzene, Toluene, and Xylenes in ambient air in one of the world’s most polluted cities, Lanzhou, China. Measurements were contemporarily carried out at forty locations in four seasonal campaigns...

land vulnerable to desertification increased in the mediterranean basin since world war ii dueto several interacting factors including climate variations, land-use changes and growing human pressure. itwas hypothesized that the increase in the level of land vulnerability is not distributed homogeneously overtime and space while impacting preferentially landscapes surrounding large urban agglome...

quality of urban areas and improvement of it have always been considered as one of the main issues in the process of urbanization. it might be possible to consider this importance as the result of fundamental changes in intellectual patterns during the past two decades in one side and its proposal in all aspects of human life on the other side though this is one of the main influential concepts...

human presence and accordingly establishing suitable condition for social interactions are important factors in shaping urban spaces. caring to different aspects of improving environmental qualities especially perception aspect and ease of perception from the environment with legibility improvement is an element that was emphasized from the base of urban design. the role of time, commence of da...

what is called the problems of tehran metropolis now a days, is deep- rooted in the policies ofurban planning in our country. since not far past up to now, immigration from all over the country to tehran, irregular growth of urban population, inconsistency with urban infrastructure development, environmental pollution and low quality of living areas, erosion of self -growing fabric in most area...

the concepts of democracy have been around for centuries in different fields of human sciences. however, in most of these fields the idealistic and far-fetched features attributed to democracy have not been manipulated yet. it should be mentioned that there have been only a few serious attempts to find proper go-between elements, which could make such a concept as comprehensible and tangible as...

the intervention of urban design in irans architectural structures has been for many years a challenging issue for architects and urban designers over their professional realm. the preservation of architectural structures in iran has always resorted to extremes. this control and direction has sometimes resulted in exclusion of architecture position and has sometimes, once faced with lack of pro...

what is called the problems of tehran metropolis now a days, is deep- rooted in the policies ofurban planning in our country. since not far past up to now, immigration from all over the country to tehran, irregular growth of urban population, inconsistency with urban infrastructure development, environmental pollution and low quality of living areas, erosion of self -growing fabric in most area...