Elemental carbon (EC) in size-segregated aerosol samples were determined at five urban, one suburban, and one rural locations in the Pearl River Delta region in South China during 2006–2008 period. The size modal characteristics of EC were different at the urban and suburban/rural locations. The urban EC had a dominant condensation mode with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) in the 0.36...

Light absorption coefficients of black carbon ( abs B ) were measured at several urban and industrial locations in Jordan during the summer of 2007 and the winter of 2008 using the photoacoustic instrument at a wavelength of 870 nm. Black carbon mass concentration (BC) was calculated using abs B . Black carbon levels at urban locations in the summer of 2007 were higher than those obtained at in...

In an urban environment, the occlusion of satellite broadcasts varies across space and thus, preplanning for collection of GPS points requires consideration of these obstructions. This paper presents a GIS embedded model (ArcGIS and ArcObjects) for predicting GPS error via modeling PDOP in an urban environment. The "skyview" model predicted PDOP for spatial locations as a function of the percen...

OBJECTIVE The availability of mental health services in rural areas--particularly intensive services such as assertive community treatment (ACT)--has been of increasing concern and was the focus of this study. In recent decades the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has developed a national network of ACT-like programs called mental health intensive case management (MHICM), which have ser...

Living with increasing urbanisation and human populations requires resourcefulness flexibility in wild animals' behaviour. Animals have to adapt anthropogenic novelty habitat structure resources that may not resemble, or be as beneficial as, natural resources. Herring gulls Larus argentatus increasingly reside towns cities breed forage, yet how are adjusting their behaviour life urban areas is ...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess rural-urban differences in mammography and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening. METHODS Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (1994-2000, 2002, 2004) were used to examine trends in these two tests by rural-urban residence location. RESULTS In 2004, 70.8 percent of rural and 75.7 percent of urban respondents had received t...

The major sources responsible for deterioration of urban environments are automobiles. The case at urban intersection may become more critical due to variable modes of vehicular movement and their emissions, especially at low wind conditions. In this paper, the line source dispersion and concentration fields at an urban intersection under low wind conditions have been investigated and discussed...