operating urban and rural councils in iran put some new hopes to improve the local situation and correct some authorized procedures in urban management affairs. the third period of local councils started in 2007. at present many councilors and officials aware about the importance of training some necessary skills and knowledge for the councilors. this article tries to adopt a relevant education...

the concepts of democracy have been around for centuries in different fields of human sciences. however, in most of these fields the idealistic and far-fetched features attributed to democracy have not been manipulated yet. it should be mentioned that there have been only a few serious attempts to find proper go-between elements, which could make such a concept as comprehensible and tangible as...

If we recognize that architects have historically played a role as technological innovators, then we must also recognize that architects, like scientists, are engaged in a form of applied research. Our university-based team has applied design thinking skills to a problem that involves energy production, energy transmission, and urban living. We believe a Renewable Energy Infrastructure (REI) wi...

a number of new concepts have emerged in the last two decades whose proponents claim that if achieved, they would deliver more sustainable urban environments. among them, new urbanism and urban village are the ones with the most theoretical support and practical application. both ideas, however, have been criticized in several grounds. but no study has been carried out to show the effectiveness...

the study of design and formation of urban space focuses on interaction of human and environment. this is an attractive subject that considers as interdisciplinary debates. thinkers of urban studies pay attention to this matter empirically and theoretically in order to provide a desirable space for human being. this research is based on the theories of urban studies and urban sociology and so o...

the aim of this research paper was to determine the role of urban space design on cities competitiveness in the process of globalization. in the era of globalization and with the rush of investors to find attractive places for investment, cities are becoming the focal points for investors and the urban managers, who need to present a variety of attractions to draw financial capital and be able ...

BACKGROUND Due to the increase of premarital sex and the lack of reproductive health services, unmarried rural-to-urban female migrants experience more risks of sex and reproductive health (SRH). This study was designed to describe SRH related knowledge, attitude and risk behaviors among unmarried rural-to-urban female migrants and examine the predictors of reducing sexual and reproductive risk...