[1] Recent suggestions to reduce the accumulation of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have included ocean fertilization by artificial upwelling. Our coupled carbon‐climate model simulations suggest that artificial upwelling may, under most optimistic assumptions, be able to sequester atmospheric CO2 at a rate of about 0.9 PgC/yr. However, the model predicts that about 80% of the c...

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t The distribution of the cosmogenic radionuclide 7 Be (t 1/2 = 53d) in the surface ocean has previously been used to estimate upwelling velocity in the open ocean. However, the loss of 7 Be to particle export has limited this approach in high particle density environments like the continental margins. In this study, we combine a mass balance of 7 Be with a 2...

In the transition-zone water-filter hypothesis, (see main text), water is assumed essentially trapped within the transition zone because of dehydration melting of ambient upwelling at 410km and exsolution of water from slabs at 660km. The assumption that recycling of water is closed allows us to develop a simple theoretical model with which to predict various important parameters such as the me...

Ocean upwelling rates are difficult to measure because of the relatively small velocities involved, and therefore are typically inferred from indirect methods such as heat budget estimates or tracer observations. Here we present the first results using a novel technique, based on the isotope Be, to infer rates of upwelling along the equator. Beryllium-7 (half-life1⁄453.3 d) is a cosmic-ray prod...

An initial-value problem is employed with a GCM to investigate the role of the convectively driven Rossby and Kelvin waves for tropopause-transition-layer (TTL) upwelling in the tropics. The convective heating is mimicked with a prescribed heating field and the Lagrangian upwelling is identified by examining the evolution of passive tracer fields whose initial distribution is identical to the i...

After Bakun (1990) formulated his hypothesis of upwelling intensification caused by increasing global warming, contradictory results have been published on whether primary productivity is increasing or decreasing in Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems (EBUE). The present work is focused in comparing three net primary production (NPP) models—the VGPM (Vertically Generalized Production Model), ...

Using underwater gliders we have identified canyon driven upwelling across the Celtic Sea shelf-break, in the vicinity of Whittard Canyon. The presence of this upwelling appears to be tied to the direction and strength of the local slope current, which is in itself highly variable. During typical summer time equatorward flow, an unbalanced pressure gradient force and the resulting disruption of...

Several high-resolution proxy environmental records have been obtained for the last 35 kyr from ODP Hole 658C, a well-studied site ca. 200 km o€ Cap Blanc, NW Africa. The collective assessment based on the marine proxies (U 0 37 SST, contents of TOC and chlorins, Upwelling Radiolarian Index and the percentage of Florisphaera profunda), surprisingly indicates that the last glacial maximum (LGM) ...

In a recent study, melanoma incidence rates for Austrian inhabitants living at higher altitudes were found to increase by as much as 30% per 100 m altitude. This strong increase cannot simply be explained by the known increase of erythemally-weighted irradiance with altitude, which ranges between 0.5% and 4% per 100 m. We assume that the discrepancy is partially explainable by upwelling UV radi...