Introduction The thyroid gland, is placed anteriorly in the lower neck, level with the fifth cervical to the first thoracic vertebrae. Ensheathed by the pretracheal fascia, the gland consists of two lateral conical lobes connected by a narrow median isthmus. Each lobe measures 5 cm long, its greatest transverse and anteroposterior extents being 3 cm and 2 cm, respectively. The isthmus connects ...

OBJECTIVE To assess OA-related changes in mean compartmental femorotibial cartilage thickness in rat knees by three-dimensional (3D) MRI (7T). METHODS MRI was performed in vivo at 7T on OA and untouched contralateral knee joints. Gradient Echo Fast Imaging 3D MR images were acquired sequentially in surgically induced OA (D0) in 40 Wistar rats (anterior cruciate ligament transection). Mean fem...

Does overgrowth of costal cartilage cause pectus excavatum? A study on the lengths of ribs and costal cartilages in asymmetric patients. Jr et al. Outcome analysis of minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum: review of 251 cases. eComment. Is overgrowth of costal cartilages the unique cause of pectus deformities? In their recent article, Park and coworkers hypothesized that 'if overgrowth ...

OBJECTIVE Physiological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under loading or knee malalignment conditions has not been thoroughly investigated. We assessed the influence of static loading and knee alignment on T2 (transverse relaxation time) mapping of the knee femoral cartilage of porcine knee joints using a non-metallic pressure device. METHODS Ten porcine knee joints were harvested en bloc wi...

In contrast to all other vertebrate cartilages, the major extracellular matrix protein of lamprey cartilages is not collagen. Instead, there exists a unique family of noncollagenous structural proteins, the significance of which is not completely understood. A custom-built uniaxial testing apparatus was used to quantify and compare equilibrium stress-relaxation behavior (equilibrium moduli, str...

We conducted a contemporary review covering advances and trends in primary and functional rhinoplasty as published during the past decade. Specifically, we reviewed studies supporting the evidence for functional rhinoplasty, nasal valve surgery, and septal reconstruction. In addition, key articles discussing cephalic malpositioning of the lower lateral cartilages and tip contouring are reviewed...

OBJECTIVE To review the indications, surgical techniques, and results of vertical lobule division (VLD) of the alar cartilages as they relate to the M-Arch Model. DESIGN Retrospective study of patients who underwent VLD of the lower lateral cartilages at a private facial plastic surgery practice in a major university teaching hospital. RESULTS Vertical lobule division decreased projection i...

I N A RECENT 15-MONTH PERIOD, 89 PAtients with localized pain or tenderness in the anterior chest wall were seen at the Scott and White Clinic. The upper and middle costosternal cartilages were involved, but were without visible or palpable swelling. This condition, which heretofore has not been documented, has been considered as a distinct entity and has been termed costosternal chondrodynia.

Horizontal mattress sutures have previously been shown to remove unwanted bulbosity and convexity of nasal tip cartilages. The purpose of this study was to extend that concept by investigating the universal applicability of the horizontal mattress suture to change and control the curvature (e.g., convexity or concavity) of a wide variety of nasal cartilages and warped cartilage grafts. The hori...

BACKGROUND The dorsal hump and dorsal aesthetic lines have been considered bony and cartilaginous structures. Knowledge of the anatomy of the osseocartilaginous vault is essential for obtaining aesthetically pleasing results of rhinoplasty. OBJECTIVES The authors described the morphology, embryology, and clinical relevance of the nasal vault and the changes that occur in this area during rhin...