according to environmental protection organization of iran, maximum permissible concentration of residual phosphorus in treated municipal wastewater is 1 mg /l-p. the total average phosphorus concentration in raw municipal wastewater is about 8 mg / l; about 70 percent of the incoming phosphorus normally is discharged with secondary treatment plant effluents. in this research, the role of addin...

dens invagination is a developmental anomaly requiring specific treatment approaches. oehler's type iii dens in dente, extends into the root and perforates at the apical area or lateral surface of the root. in this case endodontic treatment of the invaginated tooth was carried out through the central lumen of the invagination with calcium hydroxide without manipulation of the main pulp canal, t...

Dogs are exceptionally successful at interpreting human pointing gestures to locate food hidden in one of two containers. However, it has repeatedly been questioned whether dogs rely on the pointing gesture or their success is increased by subtle cues from their human handler. In two experiments we used a standard two-way object-choice task to focus on this potential Clever Hans effect. We inve...

introduction: the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of two different rotary instruments on postoperative pain in teeth with asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis. methods and materials: a total of 78 mandibular first and second molars were divided into two groups ( n =39) and their root canal preparation was carried out with either race or protaper rotary instruments. all the subj...

intractable hiccup most be considered as a symptom of underlying serious pathologies. we report a case of medulla oblongata cavernous angima presented with persistant hiccup and without any improvement during routine nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment regimns. the patient is under our follow up visits and surgery is very high risk for this young girl.