Introduction: The Martian poles present special challenges for human scientific expeditions that bear similarities to operations in terrestrial polar regions. These challenges include mobility on snows and ices, the problem of accommodation in the deep field, methods for the use of local resources and problems of station maintenance. Because the polar regions are dynamic, substantial volatile s...

Purpose: The work reported here responds to the need to provide the Constellation Program Office Lunar Surface Systems Project with science requirements for lunar surface system architecture and metrics for lunar surface system operations, and to do so in a way that addresses lunar science goals, as most recently stated by the Lunar Exploration Working Group (LEAG) [1]. In response, the Surface...

A 41-year-old African American female with a history of alcoholism in remission developed acute vomiting, chills, and severe left upper quadrant abdominal pain while climbing Mt. Fuji (Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan). She presented to a Japanese hospital and was diagnosed with cholelithiasis. The studies obtained are unknown and were unavailable. She presented two days later to a military emergency...

BACKGROUND Cyclic hydrostatic pressure within bone has been proposed both as a stimulus of aseptic implant loosening and associated bone resorption and of bone formation. We showed previously that cyclical hydrostatic pressure influenced macrophage synthesis of several factors linked to osteoclastogenesis. The osteoprotegerin/soluble receptor activator of NF-kappa beta ligand /receptor activato...

E XPLORATION missions on Earth have used the principle of caching for centuries. Caching involves prepositioning discrete quantities of supplies at specific locations along a route in order to lighten the burden or extend the range of an exploring party. Historical missions that made use of caching on Earth are the Lewis and Clark expedition in 1803–1806 [1] and the ill-fated Imperial Trans-Ant...

RELAXIN IS A POLYPEPTIDE HORMONE structurally related to insulin and the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). There are two biologically active human relaxins, H1 and H2. Both are expressed in the decidua, placenta, and prostate gland. In corpus luteum, which is the main source of circulating relaxin, only the H2 form is expressed. The two isoforms differ in the half-life of their mRNAs (7). Rel...

The Space Systems Lab has evaluated several different types of generic hand controllers to see which performs the best when used by a suited subject. This paper outlines the types of hand controllers selected for this experiment and the results of the performance testing. The evaluation was conducted by subjects wearing spacesuit gloves in a partial pressure glovebox at a pressure differential ...

The indications for impacted third molar extraction include the prevention of dental reabsorption on the adjacent tooth. Resorption can be classifi ed as physiological (when deciduous teeth are exfoliated) or pathological (when caused by injury or irritation to the periodontal ligament). Many causes can trigger external root resorption (ERR), the most common cause of which is orthodontic forces...