annually, many women become pregnant worldwide; however, pregnancy and childbirth is not a pleasant event for all them. in fact, more than 90% of maternal anxiety could be related to the delivery process. it should be noted that delivery is also a stressful event that sometimes, due to different reasons and in order to avoid its potential hazards which could threaten the lives of mother and bab...

the rapid and intensive progress in science and technology in the world, despite its abundant advantages and gifts of welfare and comfort for the mankind, in many ways, it has pushed human security to face grave tragic events. to give an example, the progress in chemistry before the great war, made it possible to produce and use toxic gases including phosgene gas causing enormous deaths of both...

s the common and crucial elements from the mass of complex and detailed circumstances surrounding the phenomena to be explained and permits valid prediction on the basis of them alone.” 8 This is why assumptions of a theory must be unrealistic, and further, the more unrealistic the assumption set the better, ceteris paribus. In an attempt to increase the fruitfulness of the theory, one must red...