نتایج جستجو برای: unit costs
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BACKGROUND Economic theory and limited empirical data suggest that costs per unit of HIV prevention program output (unit costs) will initially decrease as small programs expand. Unit costs may then reach a nadir and start to increase if expansion continues beyond the economically optimal size. Information on the relationship between scale and unit costs is critical to project the cost of global...
OBJECTIVE To determine the costs associated with delirium in mechanically ventilated medical intensive care unit patients. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING A tertiary care academic hospital. PATIENTS Patients were 275 consecutive mechanically ventilated medical intensive care unit patients. INTERVENTIONS We prospectively examined patients for delirium using the Confusion Assessm...
The primary objective of this study was to estimate the actual daily costs of intensive care unit stay using a microcosting methodology. As a secondary objective, the degree of association between daily intensive care unit costs and some patient characteristics was examined. This multicenter, retrospective cost analysis was conducted in the medical-surgical adult intensive care units of 1 unive...
INTRODUCTION Analysts estimating the costs or cost-effectiveness of health interventions requiring hospitalization often cut corners because they lack data and the costs of undertaking full step-down costing studies are high. They sometimes use the costs taken from a single hospital, sometimes use simple rules of thumb for allocating total hospital costs between general inpatient care and the o...
Annually, 200 ha of Agh Ghala rangelands in Golestan, Iran are under Alkaligrass Puccinella distans''s cultivation but the failure in the identification of appropriate sites for seed sowing may result in high costs of cultivation. The current study aims to reduce such costs through the examination of apt sites to grow P. distans in northern rangelands of Agh Ghala Golestan, Iran. Because of the...
background: air pollution in tehran, capital of iran is responsible for several diverse negative effects. it has been established that air pollution can affect human health. these health effects include increased hospital admissions due to the exacerbation of cardiac and respiratory diseases, as well as symptoms such as headache, cough, eye irritation, nausea, sputum and even death in the mo...
(31 Aug., p. 819) argue that, because current pricing practices do not internalize environmental costs, some mechanism other than the market is needed to protect environmental values. They propose a system of environmental credits-natural resource units (NRU's)-to be allocated to individuals and industrial organizations. Although their system is ingenious, I offer the following objections. 1) T...
در این پروژه مساله لاتری توصیف و تحلیل می شود و سپس این مساله در قالب مساله پوشش مجموعه با هزینه واحد شرح داده می شود و در ادامه برای حل مساله از یک رویکرد فراابتکاری استفاده می شود حل مسایل لاتری با وجود ظاهر ساده ای که دارد بسیار سخت است. برای حل مساله لاتری از روشی ابتکاری براساس شیوه تصادفی با در نظر گرفتن یک حق اولویت قرار گرفتن در جواب برای هر ستون و جستجوی همسایگی استفاده دشه است. این رو...
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