Barnett and Morse’ examined the economics of natural resource availability using data on capital, labour and output for the USA between 1870 and 1957. They tested the hypothesis that the scarcity of natural resources was increasing by examining the trend of unit cost of extractive products in the agricultural, mineral, forestry and fishing industries. Working in terms of index numbers they defi...

Trees with sufficient nutrition are known to allocate carbon preferentially to aboveground plant parts. Our global study of 49 forests revealed an even more fundamental carbon allocation response to nutrient availability: forests with high-nutrient availability use 58 ± 3% (mean ± SE; 17 forests) of their photosynthates for plant biomass production (BP), while forests with low-nutrient availabi...

In this paper, a method is proposed to improve the scheduled preventive maintenance of the system by assessing different kinds of availability and illustrated how the corrective maintenance data can be helpful to reschedule preventively maintained system. This method uses the concept of inherent availability to ensure to what extent maximum availability can be extended. The application of the p...

— This paper deals with the availabiïity and reliability analysis of a 2-unit System with two service facilities-one for préventive maintenance and the other for repair. The times to failure and préventive maintenance of a unit are assumed to be arbitrariîy distributed whüe the times for repair and préventive maintenance are exponentially distributed. The Laplace transforms ofthe mean down-time...

Background and Purpose—Stroke unit care is one of the most powerful interventions available to help stroke patients. There are limited data available to assess the impact of stroke units in routine clinical practice outside randomized clinical trials. This article uses data from the 2001 to 2002 National Stroke Audit to assess the effectiveness of stroke unit care in England, Wales, and Norther...

One of the principal goals guiding unit-ops technology development is that of reducing the cyclical or batch character of mining, making a mine operate more like a refinery. With few exceptions, unit-ops technologies in use today at mine sites in the United States will be in use in 2020. Technology changes that are being implemented are incremental and typically focus on increasing batch size, ...

In this paper, we analyze the spectra and stability of a system consisting of a working unit and repair unit, in which the working unit consists of one main unit and one standby unit, while the standby unit may deteriorate in its standby mode. Firstly, we formulate the problem into a suitable Banach space. And then we carry out a detailed spectral analysis of the system operator. Based on the s...

The diversity of housing-unit supply in suburban areas has been a central concern for planners and policy makers for at least 50 years. Absence of census crosstabulation data on housing unit structure-type by unit-size (number of bedrooms), has limited our understanding of the historical and regional evolution of relative suburban housing-unit diversity. I use census microdata to estimate measu...

this paper presents the steady state behavior and maintenance planning of the bleaching system in a paper plant. the paper plant comprises of various systems including feeding, chipping, digesting, washing, bleaching, screening, stock preparation and paper making, etc. one of the most important functionaries of a paper plant, on which quality of paper depends, is the bleaching system, where rem...

Measurement of the availability of health care providers in a geographic area is a useful component in assessing access to health care. One of the problems associated with the county provider-to-population ratio as a measure of availability is that patients frequently travel outside their counties of residence for health care, especially those residing in nonmetropolitan counties. Thus, in meas...