BACKGROUND Smoking has been associated with Graves' disease, but it remains unclear if the association is present in other thyroid disorders. OUTCOME VARIABLES Graves' disease, Graves' ophthalmopathy, toxic nodular goitre, non-toxic goitre, post-partum thyroid disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or hypothyroidism. MATERIAL AND METHODS A search of MEDLINE identified 25 studies on the associati...

OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the clinical behavior and outcome of 202 papillary thyroid cancers in Graves' disease patients during the period 1994-2004. DESIGN This was a retrospective, non-randomized case-control study. METHODS Since 1994, we have included an ultrasonogram of the neck in the initial examination of thyroid disease patients who consult our outpatient clinic. We ev...

Although the etiology of Graves' disease is still not clear, it is generally suggested that environmental factors such as infections contribute to the development of Graves' disease. We report here three cases of Graves' disease which presented simultaneously with infectious mononucleosis due to primary EBV infection. Acute EBV infection might play an important role in the onset of Graves' dise...

Graves' disease, the most common form of hyperthyroidism in iodine-replete countries, is associated with the presence of immunoglobulins G (IgGs) that are responsible for thyroid growth and hyperfunction. In this article, we report the unusual case of a patient with acromegaly and a severe form of Graves' disease. Here, we address the issue concerning the role of growth hormone (GH) and insulin...

background : graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease, characterized by the presence of antibodies directed to tsh receptor or nearby regions as well as antibodies to double strands dna (dsdna) anticardiolipin and nuclear antibodies. this study evaluated anticardiolipin and rheumatoid factor, such as iga and igm antibodies in patients with graves’ disease.   patients and methods: anticardiolipi...

Neonatal Graves’ disease is a rare form of pediatric hyperthyroidism that occurs in 1-5% of infants born to mothers with Graves’ disease [1,2]. The risk of neonatal Graves’ disease is highest in those infants born to mothers with active or refractory Graves’ disease during pregnancy. However, infants whose mothers have undergone definitive therapy with either radioiodine ablation or surgical th...

From the clinical point of view, hyperthyroidism is generally presented as diffuse hyperactivity of thyroid tissue induced by autoimmune stimulation (Graves’ disease), or as the consequence of one, or more hyperactive autonomous nodules (Plummer’s disease). These two entities are relatively perceivable in clinical routine. Thyroid scintigraphy of the patient with Graves’ disease, presents a pat...

Background Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is a component of Graves’ disease (GD) that is difficult to treat and may be very debilitating for the patient. Orbitopathy (ophthalmopathy [harder to pronounce]) is a significant problem for about 5% to 10% of patients with Graves’ disease. The factors that cause a predisposition to it are not clear. The current study examines a database of patients with Gra...

Purpose behind developing these guidelines: Over one decade ago, the "Guidelines for the Treatment of Graves' Disease with Antithyroid Drug, 2006" (Japan Thyroid Association (JTA)) were published as the standard drug therapy protocol for Graves' disease. The "Guidelines for the Treatment of Childhood-Onset Graves' Disease with Antithyroid Drug in Japan, 2008" were published to provide guidance ...