Previous research has shown that receiving an unfair monetary offer in economic bargaining elicits also-called feedback negativity (FN). This scalp-recorded brain potential probably reflects a bad-vs-good evaluation in the medial frontal cortex and has been linked to fundamental processes of reinforcement learning. In the present study, we investigated whether the evaluative mechanism indexed b...

Punishing norm violations is considered an important motive during rejection of unfair offers in the ultimatum game (UG). The present study investigates the impact of the power to punish norm violations on people's responses to unfairness and associated neural correlates. In the UG condition participants had the power to punish norm violations, while an alternate condition, the impunity game (I...

This paper presents a novel context-based approach to filter out unfair recommendations for trust model in ubiquitous environments. Context is used in our approach to analyze the user’s activity, state and intention. Incremental learning based neural network is used to dispose the context in order to find doubtful recommendations. This approach has distinct advantages when dealing with randomly...

By 15 months of age infants are sensitive to violations of fairness norms as assessed via their enhanced visual attention to unfair versus fair outcomes in violation-of-expectation paradigms. The current study investigated whether 15-month-old infants select social partners on the basis of prior fair versus unfair behavior, and whether infants integrate social selections on the basis of fairnes...

The problem of unfair testimonies has to be addressed effectively to improve the robustness of reputation systems. We propose an integrated CLUstering-Based approach called iCLUB to filter unfair testimonies for reputation systems using multi-nominal testimonies, in multiagent-based electronic commerce. It adopts clustering and considers buying agents’ local and global knowledge about selling a...

Little is known about the positive emotional impact of fairness or the process of resolving conflict between fairness and financial interests. In past research, fairness has covaried with monetary payoff, such that the mental processes underlying preference for fairness and those underlying preference for greater monetary outcome could not be distinguished. We examined self-reported happiness a...

OBJECTIVES This study investigates first- and fourth-year medical students' perceptions about health care disparities and compares their perceptions with those of physicians and the public. METHODS We conducted an analysis of a national survey of medical students that included questions addressing unfair treatment of patients in the health care system based on insurance status, money, English...

The neural correlates of rejection in bargaining situations when proposing a fair or unfair offer are not yet well understood. We measured neural responses to rejection and acceptance of monetary offers with event-related potentials (ERPs) in mid-adolescents (14-17 years) and early adults (19-24 years). Participants played multiple rounds of the Ultimatum Game as proposers, dividing coins betwe...