Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have become highly efficient in performing different operations oceanic environments. Compared to terrestrial (TWSNs), MAC and routing protocols UWSNs are prone low bandwidth, throughput, high energy consumption, propagation delay. located remotely do not need operate with any human involvement. In UWSNs, the majority of batteries limited very difficu...

Medium access control (MAC) is one of the key requirements in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). For a MAC protocol to provide its basic function efficient sharing channel access, highly dynamic environment demands protocols be adaptive as well. Q-learning promising techniques employed intelligent solutions, however, due long propagation delay, performance this approach severely limit...

This is the authors' manuscript of the literature survey monograph " Underwater acoustic networking techniques " , published in the series " SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering ". The content is identical, but the published version has a much nicer layout, a handier format, and separate reference lists for each chapter. The authors have retained the rights to share this work i...

The underwater acoustic channel has many fundamentally different properties to the conventional radio-based wireless channel. Communication is changed drastically by acoustic propagation speeds that are five orders of magnitude slower than radio. This, coupled with bandwidth limitations, high transmit energy cost, complex multi-path effects, and high bit-error rates make the issue of medium acc...

The characteristics of underwater acoustic channels such as long propagation delay and low bit rate cause the medium access control (MAC) protocols designed for radio channels to either be inapplicable or have low efficiency for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). Meanwhile, due to high bit error, conventional end-to-end reliable transfer solutions bring about too many retransmissions and are i...

In this paper, the multichannel medium access control (MAC) problem in distributed underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) were investigated. Compared with single-channel MAC protocols terrestrial radio networks, there exist hidden terminal and long-delay protocol due to long propagation delay UASNs. addition, energy constraint makes channel allocation a challenging To solve these aforement...

In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), the geographic routing is a preferred choice for data transmission due to the unique characteristics of underwater environment such as the three dimensional topology, the limited bandwidth and power resources. This paper focuses on underwater routing protocols in the network layer, where underwater sensor nodes can collaborate with each other to t...