Over the years, cybercriminals increasingly joined the underground economy to exchange malicious services for conducting data breaches crimes. As many service providers are rippers, most cybercriminals rely on a few high quality services. To this end, cybercriminals post customer reviews evaluating the purchase experience and the service quality. To identify high quality services, researchers f...

Occupational injuries and ill-health have huge social and economic implications for individuals, their families and their communities. They also have economic impacts in the form of direct and indirect costs for society as a whole. Total costs of occupational accidents and disease have been estimated at between 1 and 3 per cent of GDP in various countries1,2. Direct costs include compensation c...

Textile industry has been playing an important role in the global economy development, international business and trade. In China, textile industry is a traditional pillar industry and an important livelihood industry. The proportion of textile industrial output on GDP has risen to approximately 7% in recent five years. Currently, the ever increasing amount of carbon dioxide emissions, which ha...

Introduction: Economic development and public welfare are some of macroeconomic goals for any country. Health economy is one of the parameters as criterion for action in evaluation of this important subject. The present study has been intended to investigate into the relationship among factors of health economy including total health expenditures (some percent of Gross Domestic Product GDP), li...

in the present time, phenomenon like globalization, regionalism and economic integration are the basic issues which bring many positive consequences to the world economy. regionalism and economic integration are one of the ways that developing countries can adopt to collate the globalization process. to acknowledge their own abilities or, to settle the commercial and economic disputes in their ...

Crimeware-as-a-service (CaaS) has become a prominent component of the underground economy. CaaS provides a new dimension to cyber crime by making it more organized, automated, and accessible to criminals with limited technical skills. This paper dissects CaaS and explains the essence of the underground economy that has grown around it. The paper also describes the various crimeware services tha...

UDC: 338.48-44(1-21)(680) Already an enormous global industry, tourism seems to offer the quickest route to economic and social development of emerging nations. This has been no different for South Africa given the growing interest of international travellers to visit the country and its cities. Tourism is of significant importance to the South African economy as it contributes almost 7.4% to G...

and quantity indexes are calculated separately for components of GDP and therefore the difference between nominal GDP and real GDP growth is only approximately equal to the change in the GDP price index. With fixed-weights, the GDP deflator is defined as the ratio of nominal to real GDP and hence the gap between nominal and real GDP growth rates is precisely equal to the growth rate in the GDP ...

The paper examines the effect of inflation on the growth rate in economies with underground, or ”non-market”, sectors. The model incorporates a non-market good into an endogenous growth cash-inadvance economy with human capital. Taxes on labor and capital induce substitution into the non-market sector which avoids such taxes. However the non-market sector uses only cash for exchange and cannot ...