Materials and Methods: This research was a case-control study conducted on 90 term pregnant women. Study group had fetal distress (abnormal fetal heart rate, meconium staining, Apgar score less than 7 in fifth minute and pH of umbilical cord arterials < 7.2) and control group did not have above complications. After fetus birth, umbilical coiling index was calculated and heparinised blood of umb...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate placental volume and vascular indices in pregnancies with severe fetal growth restriction and determine their correlations to normal reference ranges and Doppler velocimetry results of uterine and umbilical arteries. METHODS Twenty-seven fetuses with estimated weights below the 3rd percentile for gestational age were evaluated. Placental volume and vascular indices, inc...

The umbilical cord is a structure that provides vascular flow between the fetus and the placenta. It contains two arteries and one vein, which are surrounded and supported by gelatinous tissue known as Wharton's jelly. There are many umbilical cord abnormalities that are related to the prognosis of fetus survival and birth weight. The authors report a case of umbilical cord constriction due to ...

The umbilical cord is a structure that provides vascular flow between the fetus and the placenta. It contains two arteries and one vein, which are surrounded and supported by gelatinous tissue known as Wharton’s jelly. There are many umbilical cord abnormalities that are related to the prognosis of fetus survival and birth weight. The authors report a case of umbilical cord constriction due to ...

OBJECTIVE We examined intraplacental color Doppler flow patterns and spectral Doppler flow velocity waveforms of villous arteries in pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation. STUDY DESIGN A total of 192 uncomplicated pregnancies and 29 pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation between 26 and 41 weeks' gestation were examined in this cross-sectional study. Intraplacental color D...

Understanding anatomical variations can help physicians achieve better results in clinical practice. During routine dissection, we found variations in the branches of Internal Iliac Artery (IIA) of a 65-year-old Iranian female cadaver. The IIA ended by dividing to an unusual smaller anterior and a greater posterior trunk which was branched to the inferior gluteal arteries. Both pelvis and the u...

The information provided by Doppler ultrasound examination during labor permits the understanding of the mechanisms regarding the physiology and pathophysiology of feto-placental exchange and the fetal adaptive systems. There are certain technical difficulties related to intrapartum Doppler ultrasound examination. The investigated sites are the uterine arteries, umbilical arteries, fetal circul...

BACKGROUND Fetal color Doppler is important for evaluation of hypoxia in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) fetus. OBJECTIVE In this study we compare fetal and maternal color Doppler with blood gas analysis to detect fetal acidosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study we evaluated 100 hospitalized patients with IUGR for comparison of color Doppler results with arterial b...

Modeling the propagation of blood pressure and flow along the fetoplacental arterial tree may improve interpretation of abnormal flow velocity waveforms in fetuses. The current models, however, either do not include a wide range of gestational ages or do not account for variation in anatomical, vascular, or rheological parameters. We developed a mathematical model of the pulsating fetoumbilical...

OBJECTIVES To determine the possible association between single umbilical artery (SUA) in the second trimester of pregnancy and the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities. To determine whether the presence of chromosomal defects in fetuses with SUA is related to the side of the missing artery. METHODS Color flow imaging of the fetal pelvis was used to determine the number of umbilical arterie...