This paper studied effects of ultrasonic treatment during the solidification process on structure formation of low carbon steel. Results showed that with ultrasonic treatment grains were refined and the steel ingot avoided the cast widmanstatten structure. When ultrasonic treatment was employed, pearlite was broken and the average length of pearlite was decreased from 550mm to 140mm. The corres...

Description of Procedure or Service Iontophoresis is a method of transdermal local drug delivery using electrical current. A charged, ionic drug is placed on the skin with an electrode of the same charge, allowing direct current to drive the drug into the skin. Ultrasound transdermal delivery involves the use of ultrasonic energy to enhance delivery of solutes either simultaneously or via pre-t...

The effects of ultrasonic treatment (UST) on the solidification microstructure of a 35CrMo steel cast ingot were investigated. To avoid the erosion of a high-temperature melt, a T-shaped ultrasonic waveguide unit was used to introduce ultrasonic vibrations into a 35CrMo steel die casting melt. The experimental results show that the microstructure of the ingot was refined by ultrasonic treatment...

medical plants are adapted to different kinds of dormancy to survive in the worst situations. regarding to ecological viewpoint, this kind of adaptation is very important in respect to restriction of genetic draft and decrease of genetic resource of medicinal plants. this leads to plant survival even after prolonged drought. since some of them are endangered species and in the other hand increa...

the activated sludge process is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment for both domestic and industrial plants in the world. one of the drawbacks of conventional activated sludge (cas) processes is high sludge production. excess sludge treatment and disposal currently represents a rising challenge for wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) due to economic, environmental and regulatio...

banana is one of the most important tropical fruit from commercial and industrial point of view. this fruit is an extremely perishable fruit which can not be preserved using freezing process. therefore, drying is the most promising method. conventional air drying is energy intensive and consequently expensive method. pre-treatments can be used to reduce the initial water content or to modify th...

objective: button mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) are among the most widely produced and consumed mushrooms in the world. generally speaking, mushrooms are of great nutritional value, which due to their high content of moisture and their corruptibility particular attention is required to be paid to their conservation and health. drying is one of the most important ways to preserve the yields with...

germination is a critical stage in the life cycle of plants and often controls population dynamics, with major practical implications. salsola arbusculiformis is one of the most important plants used to prevent soil erosion and a good fodder resource for sheep and goat in the rangelands of iran. however, the species seems to have low seed germination, so the purpose of this study was to investi...

tea is one of the most important medicinal plants which have a considerable effect on the treatment of cardiovascular disease and cancer. the drying process of tea leaves is carried out by hot air flow which consumes high level energy. the aim of the recent research was to investigate the procedure of high power ultrasound-assisted drying process of tea leaves. hybrid variety of chinese tea was...