OBJECTIVES To determine Under Five Mortality Rate (U5MR) in Gambat and to identify causes of and factors associated with it. METHODS The study was conducted in taluka Gambat of Sindh, Pakistan from December 2002 to August 2003. The sample of at least 510 mothers was needed to capture expected 1020 live births. We interviewed mothers to elicit information about live births in the past five yea...

INTRODUCTION Due to biological reasons, boys are more likely to die than girls. The detection of gender bias requires knowing the expected relation between male and female mortality rates at different levels of overall mortality, in the absence of discrimination. Our objective was to compare two approaches aimed at assessing excess female under-five mortality rate (U5MR) in low/middle-income co...

BACKGROUND The recent significant improvement in most health indicators in Iran has not been explored deeply particularly in comparison with other countries in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). We aimed to explore the temporal variations of five main indicators in Iran and compare their variations in EMR countries. METHODS Data on DPT vaccination and birth weight were obtained from EMR offi...

Background Under-five mortality has been a major public health challenge from time immemorial. In response to this challenge, the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund developed the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI) strategy and presented it to the whole world as a key approach to reduce child morbidity and mortality. Botswana started to implement th...

BACKGROUND The early decades of the 21st century are considered to be the era of human resources for health (HRH). The World Health Report (WHR) 2006 launched the Health Workforce Decade (2006-2015), with high priority given for countries to develop effective workforce policies and strategies. In many countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), particularly those classified as Low and ...

Since 2000, countries have made substantial progress in reducing under-five mortality, but Haiti, an impoverished country the Latin America and Caribbean region, faces major health challenges, including a high level of child mortality. However, few studies focused on analysing trends mortality rate (U5MR), determinants geographical disparities within country. This study analyses trend U5MR Hait...

This chapter reviews the impact of HIV/AIDS on the health sector and on the health status of children in 40 developing countries with medium-high HIV prevalence rates. The study finds that HIV/AIDS has (i) generated a substantial increase in the overall burden of disease, (ii) crowded out the health resources assigned to the care of traditional sicknesses, (iii) directed most of the additional ...

Abstract Background Increasing the coverage of community-based treatment childhood pneumonia (CCM) is part strategy to improve child survival, increase life-expectancy at birth and promote equity in Ethiopia. However, full CCM has not been reached any regions country. There are no sub-national cost-effectiveness analyses available inform decision makers on most equitable scale up strategy. Obje...

Trends in child mortality disparities show that within country inequities have remained constant in some countries and worsened in most of the other ones. Only three countries, with relatively small populations which comprise less than 2 per cent of our sample, were able to achieve both a reduction in disparity and improvements (or no decline) in national average U5MR. The evolution of nutritio...