T The nonlinear and linear Volterra-Fredholm ordinary integral equations arise from various physical and biological models. The essential features of these models are of wide applicable. These models provide an important tool for modeling a numerous problems in engineering and science [6, 7]. Modelling of certain physical phenomena and engineering problems [8, 9, 10, 11, 12] leads to two-dimens...

that g* has the same derived algebra as g itself and that every ideal in g is also an ideal in t*. Let g be any algebraic Lie algebra. Denote by b the radical of g (i.e., the largest solvable ideal in g) and by n the largest ideal of g composed only of nilpotent matrices. By Levi's theorem, g is the direct sum of t and of a semi-simple subalgebra J. It can be proved that f is the direct sum of ...

‎In this paper‎, ‎firstly‎, ‎we review approximation of fuzzy functions‎ ‎by fuzzy bicubic splines interpolation and present a new approach‎ ‎based on the two-dimensional fuzzy splines interpolation and‎ ‎iterative method to approximate the solution of two-dimensional‎ ‎linear fuzzy Fredholm integral equation (2DLFFIE)‎. ‎Also‎, ‎we prove‎ ‎convergence analysis and numerical stability analysis ...

using the mean-value theorem for integrals we tried to solved the nonlinear integral equations of hammerstein type . the mean approach is to obtain an initial guess with unknown coefficients for unknown function y(x). the procedure of this method is so fast and don't need high cpu and complicated programming. the advantages of this method are that we can applied for those integral equation...

In this paper, the boundary-based estimation of pressure distribution in the cardiovascular system is investigated using two dimensional flow images. The conventional methods of non-invasive estimation of pressure distribution in the cardiovascular flow domain use the differential form of governing equations. This study evaluates the advantages of using the integral form of the equations in the...