Turf wars in organizations commonly occur in environments where competition undermines collaboration. We develop a game theoretic model and experimental test of turf wars. The model explores how team production incentives ex post affect team formation decisions ex ante. In the game, one agent decides whether to share jurisdiction over a project with other agents. Agents with jurisdiction decide...

The maintenance of turf on shoulders, berms, and ditches of our highways and on airports has received little attention until very recent years. Frequently a good turf is desirable where the soil has been stabilized or where granular materials are necessary to obtain sufficient supporting power for the anticipated load. Under such conditions attention must be given to the factors which influence...

All plants have relationships and associations with animals, invertebrates, other plants, and microbes. This relationship or symbiosis can be beneficial, antagonistic or neither. Turf diseases are a good example of an antagonistic association and conversely, mycorrhizal fungi are a classic example of a beneficial relationship. In this article I want to introduce, or at least review a symbiosis ...

A commercial formulation of furfural was recently launched in the United States as a turfgrass nematicide. Three field trials evaluated efficacy of this commercial formulation on dwarf bermudagrass putting greens infested primarily with Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Meloidogyne graminis, or both these nematodes, and in some cases with Mesocriconema ornatum or Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus. In al...

Physical disturbances leading to clearances of kelp canopies were investigated for their effects on understorey species. First, frequencies and types of natural dsturbances in a kelp forest were quanhf~ed from data on s t o m activity and undenvater surveys. Storms removed parts of kelp plants, whole plants and groups of plants. The latter led to cleanngs and Increased the quanhty of light reac...

Alternative stable states have long been thought to exist in natural communities, but direct evidence for their presence and for the environmental switches that cause them has been scarce. Using a combination of greenhouse and field experiments, we investigated the environmental drivers associated with two distinctive herbaceous communities in coastal ecosystems in New Zealand. In a mosaic unre...

The public has recently raised concerns regarding potential human health and environmental risks associated with tire crumb constituents in the artificial turf of football fields. The aim of the present study was to develop an environmental analysis drawing a comparison between artificial turf football fields and urban areas relative to concentrations of particles (PM10 and PM2.5) and related p...

This study aimed to compare the recovery kinetics of physical performance and subjective ratings in response to a soccer-specific exercise simulation on natural grass and artificial turf. Physical performance tests and subjective ratings were assessed on 13 professional soccer players before, immediately after, 24 h and 48 h after the test. Physical performance tests included squat jump, counte...

The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the risk of acute injuries among youth male and female footballers playing on third-generation artificial turf compared with grass. Over 60,000 players 13-19 years of age were followed in four consecutive Norway Cup tournaments from 2005 to 2008. Injuries were recorded prospectively by the team coaches throughout each tournament. The o...