BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the relationship between CK19 mRNA copy number in sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) assessed by one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) technique, and non-sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN) metastization in invasive breast cancer. A model using total tumor load (TTL) obtained by OSNA technique was also constructed to evaluate its predictability. METHODS We conduc...

[1] Sub-seasonal variability including equatorial waves significantly influence the dehydration and transport processes in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). This study investigates the wave activity in the TTL in 7 reanalysis data sets (RAs; NCEP1, NCEP2, ERA40, ERA-Interim, JRA25, MERRA, and CFSR) and 4 chemistry climate models (CCMs; CCSRNIES, CMAM, MRI, and WACCM) using the zonal wave num...

An initial-value problem is employed with a GCM to investigate the role of the convectively driven Rossby and Kelvin waves for tropopause-transition-layer (TTL) upwelling in the tropics. The convective heating is mimicked with a prescribed heating field and the Lagrangian upwelling is identified by examining the evolution of passive tracer fields whose initial distribution is identical to the i...

This document defines the "administratively scoped IP multicast space" to be the range 239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. In addition, it describes a simple set of semantics for the implementation of Administratively Scoped IP Multicast. This memo is a product of the MBONE Deployment Working Group (MBONED) in the Operational Requirements area of the Internet Engineering Task Force. Submit comments t...

The Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM) describes a generalized use of a packet’s Time to Live (TTL) (IPv4) or Hop Limit (IPv6) to verify that the packet was sourced by a node on a connected link, thereby protecting the router’s IP control plane from CPU utilization-based attacks. This technique improves security and is used by many protocols. This document defines the GTSM use for the La...

Due to the omnipresence of caching in modern computing and networks, characterizing the performance of caches is an important aspect of system performance and scalability analysis. While even analytical models for single caches proved to be challenging, nowadays, many configurations already encompass hierarchies of caches. Time-to-live (TTL) based caches have recently been proposed as a general...

Tyrosyltubulin ligase (TTL) was found to be present in CHO and V79 Chinese hamster cells grown in tissue culture. The enzyme is soluble and requires potassium, magnesium, and ATP for maximum activity and requires tubulin as a substrate. TTL was analyzed through the cell cycle of V79 and CHO Chinese hamster cells. The enzyme showed two peaks of activity in V79 cells at 4 h and 7 h after mitotic ...

Routing loops have recently re-emerged as an important issue in new carrier class Ethernet technologies such as IEEE 802.1aq. While they can waste resources through full link utilization, routing loops were originally mitigated in IP networks by TTL expiration, resulting in wasted resources before packets were dropped after a few seconds. In this paper a new mitigation approach based upon Early...

The paper aims on how efficiently the performance of cache memory can be maintained in disturbed network and also in P2P networks. A Technique of distributed cache invalidation mechanism (DCIM), it is client-based cache consistency scheme is implemented on top of a previously existing architecture, namely COACS, here in COACS a special nodes cache the queries and the addresses of the nodes that...