Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic enteric infection that affects ruminants. Despite the ubiquitous occurrence of Mycobacterium sp. in nature and the fact that Johne's disease has been reported worldwide, little research has been done to assess its survival in agricultural environments. The goal of this 365-day study was to eva...

Vancomycin trough concentrations should be measured within 30 min of the next dose, but studies have shown that troughs are often measured too early, producing erroneous results that could lead to dosing errors. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of early trough measurements and to evaluate whether pharmacokinetically extrapolating mistimed concentrations may locate sub-the...

Introduction: We have identified numerous examples of anomalous trough stratigraphy within the North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD). According to the standard model of NPLD stratigraphy [1], troughs can be divided into three main units: (1) Layered Terrain, which exhibit fine-scale laminae upon equatorward-facing (EWF) trough slopes; (2) Banded Terrain, more diffuse layers located on poleward-fa...

Variability in neonatal vancomycin pharmacokinetics and the lack of consensus for optimal trough concentrations in neonatal intensive care units pose challenges to dosing vancomycin in neonates. Our objective was to determine vancomycin pharmacokinetics in neonates and evaluate dosing regimens to identify whether practical initial recommendations that targeted trough concentrations most commonl...

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence with which a vancomycin dosing regimen of 15 mg/kg per dose every 6 hours achieves steady-state trough concentrations of 15 to 20 mg/L in pediatric patients with complicated infections. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review for patients admitted to our children's hospital between July 1, 2009, and June 30, 2011. Patients were included if they w...

Trough (predose) voriconazole concentrations in plasma and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of lung transplant recipients receiving oral voriconazole preemptive treatment were determined. The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) ELF/plasma ratio was 12.5 ± 6.3. A strong positive linear relationship was noted between trough plasma and ELF voriconazole concentrations (r(2) = 0.87), suggesting ...

Artemis, a unique 2600-km-diameter circular feature on Venus, defies geomorphic classification as a corona, crustal plateau, or volcanic rise. Artemis is similar in size to plateaus and rises, yet topographically resembles a corona. Geologic mapping using correlated digital remote data sets including NASA Magellan C1-, C2-, and Fscale synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, altimetry, and synth...

BACKGROUND Vancomycin hydrochloride treatment failure for infections caused by susceptible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) has prompted recent guidelines to recommend a higher vancomycin target trough of 15 to 20 microg/mL. METHODS A prospective cohort study of adult patients infected with MRSA was performed to determ...

A question remains among the scientific community in the context of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction: will an approaching upper-tropospheric synoptic-scale trough produce intensification or decay of a given TC? Many observational studies and numerical modeling have documented TC-trough interaction. Hanley et al. (2001) introduced the “good trough/bad trough” terminology to sort trough...