mosquito borne infectious diseases are among important group of diseases worldwide. vaccination is available for some tropical mosquito-borne diseases, especially for japa-nese encephalitis virus infection and yellow fever. there are also several attempts to develop new vaccines for the other mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue infection and west nile virus infection. in this articl...

a 7 year-old male presented with recurrent fever, cough and respiratory distress for over last 2 years. based on extremely high eosinophil count, high immunoglobulin e, increase in eosinophilic precursors in bone marrow, and positive antigen test for wuchereria bancrofti, a diagnosis of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia with eosinophilic leukemoid reaction was made. complete recovery was achieved...

During one year period from 2010 to 2011 the samples from pneumonic animals were taken and transported to the laboratory. Pasteurella multocida were identified in 16.6% of animal by biochemical test. The high incidence of P. multocida was obtained in the south of Fars province, where the area was warm region. The Mean Death Time between the isolates was 12-18 and 19-24 hours. Only the capsular ...

When foraging, animals can maximize their fitness if they are able to tailor their foraging decisions to current environmental conditions. When making foraging decisions, individuals need to assess the benefits of foraging while accounting for the potential risks of being captured by a predator. However, whether and how different factors interact to shape these decisions is not yet well underst...

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been shown to increase long-term temporal stability of fish communities and enhance ecosystem resilience to anthropogenic disturbance. Yet, the potential ability of MPAs to buffer effects of environmental variability at shorter time scales remains widely unknown. In the tropics, the yearly monsoon cycle is a major natural force affecting marine organisms in tr...

Development Progress is an ODI project that aims to measure, understand and communicate where and how progress has been made in development. ODI is the UK's leading independent think tank on international development and humanitarian issues. Further ODI materials are available at odi.org.uk • Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) have a direct impact on the achievement of the Millennium Developmen...

1 National Neglected Tropical Diseases Programme, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana, 2 Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana, 3 FHI360, Ghana Office, Accra, Ghana, 4 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 5 European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP), Africa Office,...

We reviewed the evidence on the extent and efficacy of conservation of tropical forest biodiversity for each of the classes of conservation action defined by the new International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classification. Protected areas are the most tested conservation approach, and a number of studies show they are generally effective in slowing deforestation. There is some docu...

Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are two important neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that cause severe disability. Control efforts are hindered by the lack of a safe macrofilaricidal drug. Targeting the Wolbachia bacterial endosymbionts in these parasites with doxycycline leads to a macrofilaricidal outcome, but protracted treatment regimens and contraindications restrict its widespread...

Distinct El Niño types have been observed in the recent decades with warm anomalies in the eastern Pacific (Canonical El Niño, EL) and central Pacific (El Niño Modoki, EM). Among these, a basinwide tropical Pacific (TP) warming is seen during 2009 and recently during 2014. We carried out data analysis and numerical simulation experiments to understand the possible cause for different El Niño fl...