BMJ 1991;302:88-9 Oral rehydration solutions are highly effective for treating most patients with dehydration due to diarrhoea. Early formulations contained glucose and three salts: sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium chloride. Subsequently, a formulation containing trisodium citrate dihydrate instead of sodium bicarbonate was shown to be more stable under high humidity and tempe...

The electron paramagnetic resonance of VO2+ doped trisodium citrate dihydrate (Na3C6H5O7·2H2O) single crystals and powder has been examined at room temperature. The angular variation of the EPR spectra has shown that two different VO2+ complexes are located in different chemical environments, each environment containing two magnetically inequivalent VO2+ sites in distinct orientations occupying...

In this work, we report synthesis of surface modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) by co-precipitation method using FeSO4.7H2O and Fe2(SO4)3.5H2O as precursors and trisodium citrate dihydrate as surfactant. Surface modification of the as prepared samples was performed in pot by sol-gel precipitation method u...

The study of the green reductant effects to produce reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been completed successfully. reduction (GO) was carried out chemically using various reductants such as ascorbic acid (rGO-AA), gallic (rGO-AG), and trisodium citrate (rGO-NS). GO prepared Tour method at a temperature 65 ? for 6 hours with potassium permanganate: graphite weight ratio 1:3.5. results showed that...

A facile and convenient method has been developed for the one-pot pseudo-four component synthesis of fully functionalized pyridine derivatives from reactions aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile thiols in presence a catalytic amount trisodium citrate dihydrate as an efficient metal-free catalyst aqueous ethanol under refluxed conditions. All were completed within just 45 minutes desired products a...

BACKGROUND Microbial biofilms form on central venous catheters and may be associated with systemic infections as well as decreased dialysis efficiency due to catheter thrombosis. The most widely used anticoagulant catheter lock solution in the US is sodium heparin. We have previously shown that sodium heparin in clinically relevant concentrations enhances Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation...

BACKGROUND Central venous catheters (CVCs) continue to be used at a high rate for dialysis access and are frequently complicated by thrombus-related malfunction. Prophylactic locking with an anticoagulant, such as heparin, has become standard practice despite its associated risks. Trisodium citrate (citrate) 4% is an alternative catheter locking anticoagulant. METHODS The objective was to pro...