A defined medium is described in which 18 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis representing the 12 established serotypes grow, sporulate, and produce a parasporal crystal. This minimal medium contains glucose and salts supplemented with either aspartate, glutamate, or citrate. These organic acids are required and cannot be replaced by vitamin mixtures or succinate even though succinate is taken up...

A medium composed of (in g/100 ml) Tryptose broth with thiamine (Difco), 2.6; cysteine-HCl, 0.12; glucose, 1; FeSO(4), 7H(2)O, 0.005; KCl, 0.02; histidine, 0.1; tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (tris) buffer, 0.3; and agar, 1; will support rapid growth of the fully virulent SCHU-S4 strain of Pasteurella tularensis. Although the test organism grew rapidly on medium from which KCl and tris buffer ...

The citB gene of Bacillus subtilis encodes aconitase, the enzyme of the Krebs citric acid cycle, which is responsible for the interconversion of citrate and isocitrate. A B. subtilis strain with an insertion mutation in the citB gene was devoid of aconitase activity and aconitase protein, required glutamate for growth in minimal medium, and was unable to sporulate efficiently in nutrient broth ...

Background: Cysteine has been used as additive in cryopreservation extenders. It contains of thiol group which plays an antioxidant role to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) during freeze -thaw procedure. Excessive ROS production cause DNA damage and subsequently reduce sperm fertility. On the other hand, protamine protein have high levels of cysteine which is critical in packaging and co...

The objective of this study was to specify the effects of centrifugation and different surface of soybean lecithin-based extender on post-thaw Sperm quality of Ghezel ram semen. Semen samples were gathered from 5 mature Ghezel ram two/week for 3 weeks. After initial evaluation, the approved semen samples were pooled together and split into equal parts in Falcon tubes. Three samples were combine...

A Bacillus subtilis mutant with a deletion in the citC gene, encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase, the third enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid branch of the Krebs cycle, exhibited reduced growth yield in broth medium and had greatly reduced ability to sporulate compared to the wild type due to a block at stage I, i.e., a failure to form the polar division septum. In early stationary phase, mutant c...

Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis CRL264 is a natural strain isolated from cheese (F. Sesma, D. Gardiol, A. P. de Ruiz Holgado, and D. de Mendoza, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:2099-2103, 1990). The effect of citrate on the growth parameters at a very acidic pH value was studied with this strain and with derivatives whose citrate uptake capacity was genetically manipulated. T...

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of testis-epididymis cool storage on viability and progressive motility of buffalo epididymal sperm (EP) and to compare the influences of two basic semen extenders on post thaw EP viability and progressive motility. Abattoir collected buffalo testicles were allotted to three storage times (0 h: n = 10; 24 h: n = 10 and 48 h: n = 12). ...

The native form of ATP citrate lyase (2 mol of phosphate/tetramer) and the dephospho-ATP citrate lyase (phosphate-free) purified to homogeneity from rat liver, are phosphorylated by ATP and by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase from rabbit muscle. A total of 2 mol of phosphate/tetramer were incorporated into native enzyme, while with the dephospho form, 4 mol of phosphate we...

Background: Optimal thawing rate is critical for quality and fertilizability of frozen -thawed spermatozoa. Kinetic parameters are the most important factors which are affected by thawing rate so, that have close relation between kinetic parameters and fertility of the spermatozoa. Tris - egg yolk have been widely used for cryopreservation of the buffalo and other species semen. According to ou...