The Reduced Wall Acetylation (RWA) proteins are involved in cell wall acetylation in plants. Previously, we described a single mutant, rwa2, which has about 20% lower level of O-acetylation in leaf cell walls and no obvious growth or developmental phenotype. In this study, we generated double, triple, and quadruple loss-of-function mutants of all four members of the RWA family in Arabidopsis (A...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Retreatment after initial treatment failure for Helicobacter pylori is very challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacies of moxifloxacin-containing triple and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy. METHODS A total of 151 patients, who failed initial H. pylori treatment, were included in this retrospective cohort study. The initial regimens were standard...

Aim: Helicobacter pylori (HP) are the most common human infectious agent worldwide. Approximately half of the patients remain infected after ‘eradication’ treatment with the triple regimen of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), amoxicillin (AMO), and clarithromycin (CLA). In this study, this PPI-based triple regimen was compared to a quadruple regimen, including bismuth citrate (BC), a PPI, metronid...

The purpose of this study was to compare triple (T) and quadruple (Q) toe-loop figure skating jumps and quantify basic characteristics of these jumps to provide information to coaches that will assist them in teaching quadruple toe-loops to elite figure skaters. High-speed video was taken during men's practice and competition sessions at the 2002 Salt Lake City Winter Olympics; three-dimensiona...

Copyright © 2013 P.-I Hsu and N.-J. Peng. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. As a general rule for the treatment of infectious diseases, clinicians should prescribe anti-H. pylori regimens that have a per-protocol erad...

BACKGROUND Several large clinical trials and meta-analyses have shown about 20% failure to eradicate Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori), necessitating investigations for second-line treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of clarithromycin-containing quadruple regimen after nitroimidazole-containing quadruple therapy failure. METHODS Thirty two patients who had failed 10-day H...

Childrenwith Helicobacter infection need treatment. The aim of treatment is elimination of H.Pylori. Most patients with this infection are asymptomatic and without peptic disease. Treatment and management of these patients are controversy. Conventional Treatment: The best treatment for H. pylori eradication regimens should have cure rates of at least 80%, be without major side effects, and indu...

BACKGROUND Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance, a bismuth-based quadruple regimen has been recommended as an alternative first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication. However, different results are varied greatly and the availability of bismuth was limited in some countries. We assessed the efficacy and safety of 14-day berberine-containing quadruple therapy as an al...

Abstract Carayannis and Campbell (2009; 2010) have argued for using quadruple quintuple helices as models encompassing generalizing triple-helix dynamics. In the meantime, been adopted by European Committee Regions Commission metaphors further strategy development such in EU-programs Smart Specialization, Plan S, Open Innovation 2.0, etc. Here we argue that transition from a double helix to tri...

The statistics of catalogued quadruple stars consisting of two binaries (hierarchy 2+2) is studied in comparison with triple stars, with respective sample sizes of 81 and 724. Seven representative quadruple systems are discussed in greater detail. The main conclusions are: (i) Quadruple systems of ε Lyr type with similar masses and inner periods are common, in 42% of the sample the outer mass r...