N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) is a tumor suppressor and cell stress-related gene. NDRG2 is associated with tumor incidence, progression, and metastasis. NDRG2 regulates tumor-associated genes and is regulated by multiple conditions, treatments, and protein/RNA entities, including hyperthermia, trichostatin A and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, which are promising potential cancer therapeuti...

Gene expression occurs either as an episodic process, characterized by pulsatile bursts, or as a constitutive process, characterized by a Poisson-like accumulation of gene products. It is not clear which mode of gene expression (constitutive versus bursty) predominates across a genome or how transcriptional dynamics are influenced by genomic position and promoter sequence. Here, we use time-lap...

BACKGROUND Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are capable of differentiating into many cells such as cardiac cells. Different types of inducers are used for cardiac cell differentiation, but this question still remains to be investigated, which one is the best. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of combination of fibrin scaffold and trichostatin A (TSA), for differentiat...

Proteolytic systems and the aggresome pathway contribute to preventing accumulation of cytotoxic aggregation-prone proteins. Although polyubiquitylation is usually required for degradation or aggresome formation, several substrates are processed independently of ubiquitin through a poorly understood mechanism. Here, we found that p62/SQSTM1, a multifunctional adaptor protein, was involved in th...

To investigate the mechanisms that assure the maintenance of heterochromatin regions, we took advantage of the fact that clusters of heterochromatin DNA replicate late in S phase and are processed in discrete foci with a characteristic nuclear distribution. At the light microscopy level, within these entities, we followed DNA synthesis, histone H4 acetylation, heterochromatin protein 1 (Hp1alph...

Dorsal/ventral patterning of the sea urchin embryo depends upon the establishment of a Nodal-expressing ventral organizer. Recently, we showed that spatial positioning of this organizer relies on the dorsal-specific transcription of the Hbox12 repressor. Building on these findings, we determined the influence of the epigenetic milieu on the expression of hbox12 and nodal genes. We find that Tri...

The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon represents an important vehicle for in vivo gene delivery because it can efficiently and stably integrate into mammalian genomes. In this report, we examined transposon expression in human cells using a novel nonselective fluorescence-activated cell sorter-based method and discovered that SB integrates approximately 20 times more frequently than previously re...

Postovulatory mammalian oocyte developmental potential decreases with aging in vivo and in vitro. Aging oocytes typically show cellular fragmentation and chromosome scattering with an abnormally shaped spindle over time. Previously, it was shown that histone acetylation in the mouse oocyte increased during aging and that treatment with trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor for class I and II histo...

In Tetrahymena, as in other ciliates, development of the somatic macronucleus during conjugation involves extensive and reproducible rearrangements of the germ line genome, including chromosome fragmentation and excision of internal eliminated sequences (IESs). The molecular mechanisms controlling these events are poorly understood. To investigate the role that histone acetylation may play in t...