There are two constitutional political formations in Iranian Baluchistan. One is the tribe, which is the ultimate kin group to which loyalty is owed (Salzman 2000: Ch. 11). The other is the hakomate, a complex formation consisting of a small ruling elite, settled peasantry, and nomads, and which is integrated on bases other than loyalty (Salzman 1978a). I call the tribe and the hakomate “consti...

We have inherited a somewhat fuzzy usage of the term ‘tribe’ and ‘tribal’ from early British anthropology. ‘Tribe’ was often used in a rather derogatory manner for relatively small ethnic groups who lived as ‘underdeveloped’ (formerly called ‘primitive’ or even ‘savage’) minorities, far from the majorities’ cultural and social mainstream. No wonder that the term ‘tribe’ became obsolete in many ...

Six genera of the tribe Phalacropsyllini were analysed based on molecular (18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) and morphological characters, using maximum parsimony analyses and Bayesian inference. The results support the paraphyly of the tribe Phalacropsyllini, as shown in a previous study based only on molecular characters. Three main clades were identified: one includes the genera Neopsylla, Epitedia, Ca...

We developed eight polymorphic microsatellite loci for Collinsia verna (Veronicaceae). In a sample of 18–35 individuals from a single population, we found two to 15 alleles per locus (mean 8.3). We also tested these loci for cross-amplification in all 22 species in the tribe Collinseae. Overall, more than half the species in the tribe amplified one microsatellite while three species most closel...

The 'Saharia' is one of the primitive tribes of the State of Rajasthan, inhabiting mostly the Shahbad and Kishanganj blocks of Baran district. It is economically most backward tribe. Baran is one of the chronically drought prone districts of Rajasthan. Recurrent droughts have adverse effects on the household food security leading to high prevalence of undernutrition of the tribe (Ann.Rep.2003-2...

Partial sequences of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes from 19 Asian frog species of the tribe Paini (Ranidae, Dicroglossinae) allowed a first molecular study of the phylogenetic relationships of this tribe. This analysis confirmed that this tribe is a monophyletic group, but suggested relationships did not agree with previous generic classification of this clade based on morphology. Two maj...

field collection in nahavand county (hamedan province, iran) revealed 9 blister beetle (col: meloidae) species from three different tribes of subfamily meloinae. in tribe mylabrini, mylabris impressa chevrolat 1837, mylabris schreibersi reiche 1865, mylabris variabilis (pallas, 1781), mylabris guerini chevrolat 1837, lydoceras bilineatus thomas 1897 and croscherichia spp. pardo alcaide identifi...

the sanjâbi or senjâwi tribe was one of the kurdish tribes in west of iranthatsupportedthetransitionalgovernment of nizam al-saltana and its nationalist supporters and united with ottoman and german forces to express its opposition to the presence and activities of russian and britishtroopsduringtheworldwari.  after the victory of russian and britisharmiesiniranianwestern regions, this tribe be...