The necessary electricity of the workshops and buildings (W&Bs;) located at the metro depot are provided by lighting power substation (LPS). To transmit electricity between LPS and W&Bs;, some trenches should be dig and the requisite cables should be located in the trenches. This paper presents a new mixed integer linear programming (MILP) long-term decision model to find ...

Transition zone slab deformation influences Earth’s thermal, chemical, and tectonic evolution. However, the mechanisms responsible for the wide range of imaged slab morphologies remain debated. Here we use 2-D thermo-mechanical models with a mobile trench, an overriding plate, a temperature and stress-dependent rheology, and a 10, 30, or 100-fold increase in lower mantle viscosity, to investiga...

A trench can act as a barrier to ground vibration and is a potential mitigation measure for low frequency vibration induced by surface railways. However, to be effective at very low frequencies the depth required becomes impractical. Nevertheless, for soil with a layered structure in the top few metres, if a trench can be arranged to cut through the upper, soft layer of soil, it can be effectiv...

Subducting slabs may exhibit buckling instabilities and consequent folding behavior in the mantle transition zone, accompanied by temporal variations in dip angle, plate velocity, and trench retreat. Governing parameters include both viscous (rheological) and buoyancy (thermopetrological) forces. Numerical experiments suggest that many parameter sets lead to slab deflection at the base of the t...