As inkjet printers move into mainstream photography markets, consumers and professionals alike are asking many questions about how the permanence of inkjet prints compares with that of traditional silver halide based, chromogenic color prints. The various factors affecting color print permanence are described. The similarities and differences between inkjet prints and traditional color prints i...

An age-structured prey-predator model with delays is proposed and analyzed. Mathematical analyses of the model equations with regard to boundedness of solutions, permanence, and stability are analyzed. By using the persistence theory for infinite-dimensional systems, the sufficient conditions for the permanence of the system are obtained. By constructing suitable Lyapunov functions and using an...

The question of the long term survival of species in models governed by Lotka-Volterra difference equations is considered. The criterion used is the biologically realistic one of permanence, that is populations with all initial values positive must eventually all become greater than some fixed positive number. We show that in spite of the complex dynamics associated even with the simplest of su...

A periodic delay single-species difference system with feedback control is established. With the help of analysis method and Lyapunov function, a good understanding of the permanence and global attractivity of the system is gained. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the validity of the proposed criteria. Our results show that feedback control has no influence on the permanence while ...

In this work, we propose a biologically inspired framework for developing object permanence in robots. In particular, we build upon a previous work on a slowness principle-based visual model (Wiskott and Sejnowski, 2002), which was shown to be adept at tracking salient changes in the environment, while seamlessly “understanding” external causes, and self-emerging structures that resemble the hu...

The development of object permanence was investigated in black-billed magpies (Pica pica), a food-storing passerine bird. The authors tested the hypothesis that food-storing development should be correlated with object-permanence development and that specific stages of object permanence should be achieved before magpies become independent. As predicted, Piagetian Stages 4 and 5 were reached bef...

This paper concerns with a new delayed predator–prey model with stage structure on prey, in which the immature prey and the mature prey are preyed by predator and the delay is the length of the immature stage. Mathematical analysis of the model equations is given with regard to invariance of non-negativity, boundedness of solutions, permanence and global stability and nature of equilibria. Our ...

One of the basic features of information is permanence. This feature states that the consumption of information by one consumer does not affect the availability of that information to other consumers. We present examples in two studies indicating that both laymen and experts of information exchange may be motivated to make choices that violate the permanence feature in accepting (Study 1) and o...

The per-capita growth rate of a species is influenced by density-independent, positive and negative density-dependent factors. These factors can lead to nonlinearity with a consequence that species may process multiple nontrivial equilibria in its single state (e.g., Allee effects). This makes the study of permanence of discrete-time multi-species population models very challenging due to the c...

Background: The relationship between premature birth and early cognitive function as measured by eye-tracking data remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of prematurity on the development of object permanence and attention capacity using eye-tracking measures. Methods: We prospectively studied very low birth weight (VLBW < 1500 g) preterm infants who were admitted...