Travertine deposits are a kind of continental carbonates that form in specific chemical, physical and biological conditions. Garab travertines in southeast of Mashhad are studied based on field, geochemistry (elemental and stable isotope analysis) and hydro-geochemistry analysis. Field and petrographic characterization led to recognize of crystalline crust, raft, foam, shrub, laminated, black m...

Mineral deposits related to thermal springs are generally of the carbonate or silicate precipitation types. Numerous thermal waters have been studied worldwide for their extensive deposits (Italy, Iceland, New Zealand, USA). The occurrence of other deposit types, such as oxides, associated with hydrothennal activity are few. However, the almost pure manganese oxide deposit in Japan was recently...