modern world faces a multitude of challenges regarding displacement including high fuel consumption, air pollution, congestion in streets, decrease in physical activities, insecurity of passers-by etc. most of which result from dependence on automobiles and the vehicle-stricken urban forms. planners and public health officials are turning to land planning and urban design for help in reducing a...

Previous urban sprawl studies have typically taken a cross-sectional approach without examining how sprawling urban areas are performing over time. Longitudinal studies of individual or household travel behavior and built-environment preference have made some progress in this direction, but very few studies have explored the longitudinal interaction of urban form with transportation and environ...

For over 50 years the U.S. has been shifting away hom small, neighborhood schools to larger schools in lower density areas. Rates of children walking and biking to school have declined significantly over this period. This study examines the relationship between urban form, distance, and middle school students walking and biking to and from four schools in Oregon. Five primary results emerge: (1...

BACKGROUND Rates of active travel vary by socio-economic position, with higher rates generally observed among less affluent populations. Aspects of both social and built environments have been shown to affect active travel, but little research has explored the influence of physical environmental characteristics, and less has examined whether physical environment affects socio-economic inequalit...

OBJECTIVE The availability of mental health services in rural areas--particularly intensive services such as assertive community treatment (ACT)--has been of increasing concern and was the focus of this study. In recent decades the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has developed a national network of ACT-like programs called mental health intensive case management (MHICM), which have ser...

This paper studies the impact of dynamic navigation on the traffic process, especially in urban areas. Simulation studies are focused on the correlation of route choice behaviour, fractions of dynamically navigated vehicles, re-routing frequencies, and travel time reductions. The aim is to identify if already provided travel time information could be regarded as traffic management, and as a con...

............................................................................................ ii Dedication .......................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements .............................................................................. iv Author’s Declaration ..............................................................................