Mucociliary clearance in the lung is the primary defense mechanism that protects the airways from inhaled toxicants and infectious agents. The system consists of a viscoelastic mucus layer on top of a nearly-viscous periciliary layer surrounding the motile cilia. In healthy environments, the thickness of the periciliary layer is comparable to the cilia length. Perturbations to this system, whet...

Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Please review these documents carefully, ...

There are many approaches to proving the correctness of application-layer protocols that are layered on secure transport protocols, such as TLS. One popular approach is verification by abstraction, in which the correctness of the application-layer protocol is proven under the assumption that the transport layer satisfies certain properties. Following this approach, we adapt the strand spaces mo...

Multicasting denotes a facility in a communications system for providing efficient delivery from a message's source to some well-defined set of locations using a single logical address. While modem network hardware supports multidestination delivery, first generation Transport Layer protocols (e.g. the DoD Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) [15] and ISO TP-4 [41]) did not anticipate the change...

New mobile devices and mobile Internet applications are transforming the traditional concept of computing and user’s experience. Applications which even initially do not required Internet connectivity now using Internet to provide update, new features, advertisements and add-on in an application. Context-aware computing is a mobile computing paradigm which makes mobile devices and applications ...

At the Transport Layer in Internet model, Transmission Control Protocol provide host-to-host connectivity. There are many other protocols under TCP like SCTP (Stream Control Transport Protocol) and DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol) which provides more features. DCCP is unreliable transport layer protocol designed to provide congestion control and suitable for time delivery of data. SC...

We demonstrate the possibility to tune the electronic transport properties of graphene mono-layers and multi-layers by functionalisation with fluorine. For mono-layer samples, with increasing the fluorine content, we observe a transition from electronic transport through Mott variable range hopping (VRH) in two dimensions to Efros-Shklovskii VRH. Multi-layer fluorinated graphene with high conce...

A Cylindrical two layer fluid model for the transport of serous and mucus layer in the human trachea and the steady state condition due to cilia beating, some immotile cilia forming porous bed in serous sub -layer in contact with the epithelium and air motion by considering mucus as a visco-elastic fluid are studied. The effect of air-motion due to forced expiration and other processes is consi...