Granular materials have a tendency to exhibit an arching effect by which the load is transferred from yielding parts to adjacent stationary parts. Retaining walls are among those structures that the soil arching plays an important role in the distribution of earth pressures. This paper briefly reviews the development of soil arching theory and its application to different geotechnical projects....

We define physical machines as processors with physical memory and swap memory; in user mode physical machines support address translation. We report about the formal verification of a complex processor supporting address translation by means of a memory management unit (MMU). We give a paper and pencil proof that physical machines together with appropriate page fault handlers simulate virtual ...

This paper describes Chomsky, a content language translation agent. This agent provides a service, which first translates the content expression from its original language into an abstract logic language (ALL). Then, the resulting ALL expression is translated to the desired target language. ALL has been designed as a superset of most known content languages to avoid loosing expressiveness durin...

Computer-aided translations with the help of translation memory technology deliver numerous advantages. Nevertheless, many enterprises have not yet or only partially come in touch with such systems. For this reason, they are often still unaware of the functions and actual savings potential. This white paper explains the basic functionality and modes of operation as well as the central modules o...

Defining the reordering search space is a crucial issue in phrase-based SMT between distant languages. In fact, the optimal tradeoff between accuracy and complexity of decoding is nowadays reached by harshly limiting the input permutation space. We propose a method to dynamically shape such space and, thus, capture long-range word movements without hurting translation quality nor decoding time....


 Concerning analysis-synthesis translation mode, this paper discusses the translator’s responsibilities and roles as subject in practice based on mistranslations of Ge Gongzhen's History Chinese Journalism. Missionary J. S. Roberts believed that was logical combination two processes—— analysis synthesis. The process is characterized by understanding. It emphasizes translators’ accurate un...