Abstract This paper proposes a new approach to solve the problem of bus network design and frequency setting (BNDFS). Transit must satisfy needs both service users transit operators. Numerous optimisation techniques have been proposed for BNDFS in literature. Previous approaches tend adopt sequential strategy that conducts routing two separate steps. To address limitation optimisation, our algo...

1 There are two basic types of interconnection agreements between providers in the Internet: peering and transit. A decision every Internet network service provider (INSP) has to make is which other peering/transit INSPs to connect with. The potential peering/transit partners differ (obviously) in the advertised routes and they may differ quite drastically in the amount and type of costs (line ...

Recently, transit agencies have been opening up their route configuration and schedule data to the public, as well as providing online APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) to real-time bus positions and arrival estimates. Based on this infrastructure of providing transit data over the internet, we developed an algorithm to calculate the travel times of K-shortest paths in a public transpor...

Protein trafficking pathways to plastids are directed by N-terminal targeting peptides. In plants this consists of a relatively simple transit peptide, while in organisms with secondary plastids (which reside within the endomembrane system) a signal peptide is appended to the transit peptide. Despite amino acid compositional differences between organisms, often due to nucleotide biases, the fea...

The introduction of nonindigenous species (NIS) threatens global ecosystems and results primarily from human transportation trade activities. Although some NIS can disperse immediately upon arrival (for example, mobile species), actual inoculation for other (sessile) require a reproductive event to produce propagules that establish. potential, however, vary with environmental conditions experie...

The urban transit routing problem (UTRP) consists of finding satisfying routes for public transportation within a city or region. Urban scenarios get bigger and more complex every day, making the design of routes an overwhelming task whose results are often unsatisfactory, with high costs and travel times. We develop an exact MIP formulation and a multi-objective genetic algorithm to solve this...

In this paper, using longitudinal data on route level monthly average weekday ridership in the entire Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) bus system from January 2002 through December 2010, we evaluate the ridership effects of the CTA real-time bus information system. This bus information system is called CTA Bus Tracker and was incrementally implemented on different CTA bus routes from August 2006...

This paper outlines a scheduling process for improving high-frequency bus service reliability based on a model which uses Automatic Vehicle Location and Automatic Passenger Count data. Developing a schedule for high-frequency bus routes involves balancing the costs to the passengers and the cost to the transit agency. Passengers are interested in short travel times and short, reliable waiting t...

The development of public transportation in big cities general, and Jakarta particular, has set new trends regional by referring to the concept Transit Oriented Development (TOD). Some superblock area development, bundled as a TOD ignores several principles, especially pedestrian-friendly related values. Limited regulations inconsistencies understanding application concepts theories have result...

There has been much research over the past decade on aspects of bus-transit-system service and performance. Common to studies is the necessity that the population served by systems be estimated. Usually this entails delineating areas for which demand is covered through the use of geographic information systems (GIS), as well as deciding on how best to represent potential ridership spatially. Ho...