Veterinary diagnostic test kits are used in clinical practice and production medicine as a basis for prescribing vaccination and/or treatment regimens. These kits are also used by state and federal animal health officials to control or regulate the movement of animals. The regulation of such kits, which generally takes the form of establishing requirements for licensure, ensures that the kits c...

Reactions of gases in liquid-water clouds are potentially important in the transformation of atmospheric pollutants affecting their transport in the atmosphere and subsequent removal and deposition to the surface. Such processes consist of the following sequence of steps: Mass-transport of the reagent gas or gases to the air-water interface; transfer across the interface and establishment of so...

Dodecyl thioglycosides (3, 4, 5) were prepared by conventional transformation of d-glucose and used as new glycosyl donors for a short-step synthesis of phytoalexin elicitor heptaglucoside. A gentio-tetraoside derivative (6) having three hydroxyl groups was synthesized by NIS-TfOH promoted glycosylate in more than 90% yield followed by selective removal of temporary protective groups. Undesired...

detected with sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide slab gels. This material, which has an apparent mol.wt. of at least 500000, is stained by the periodic acid/Schiff reagent. Preliminary studies show that galactose is incorporated into this substance most rapidly in the early stages of culture (0-36h) and again after fusion has occurred (6096 h). Other workers have reported that the large, ex...

Here we report a reagent-free rhodium-catalyzed ring-expansion reaction via C-C cleavage of cyclobutenones. A variety of poly-substituted cyclopentenones and 1-indanones can be synthesized from simple cyclobutenones and benzocyclobutenones. The reaction condition is near pH neutral without additional oxidants or reductants. The potential for developing a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformatio...

several authors have indicated that pcp is a toxic chemical and recalcitrant to biodegradation. aops is one of the moste effective process for degradation of persistant compound.since the mineralization of recalcitrant compound by aops (advanced oxidation processes) often requires long reaction time and strong doses of oxidant, the combination of this process with biological one, considered as ...

Despite the high relevance of 1,3-dienes, stereoselective methods to access tetrasubstituted conjugated dienes are still scarce. We here report an efficient and modular approach that provides multifunctional 1,3-dienes with excellent levels regio- stereoselectivity. This methodology is based on a tetracomponent reaction between borylated dendralene, organolithium reagent two different electroph...

The traceless Staudinger ligation can be mediated by phosphinothiols under physiological conditions. Proximal positive charges are necessary to achieve that transformation, presumably because those charges discourage protonation of the key iminophosphorane intermediate. Here, a series of cationic phosphinothiols is used to probe Coulombic effects on the traceless Staudinger ligation in aqueous ...