Orthopaedic surgery has one of the most painful post-operative periods. Pain management is an important consideration in department. The purpose this study was to assess effect Nefopam hydrochloride and Tramadol postoperative analgesia patients undergoing long bone fracture fixations. Triple blindedRandomization allocation groups were carried out by odd even number method. conducted tertiary ca...

background: tramadol is an opioid agonist that has the potential of being abused. the aim of this study was to compare the effect of different doses of tramadol on orthodontic tooth movement (otm) and bone resorption in rats. materials and methods: forty‑two male rats were assigned randomly to two experimental groups and one control group. nickel–titanium coil springs were used to exert orthodo...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Analgesia after caesarean section is important because postpartum women with pain have difficulty in mobility, which undermines breastfeeding. Intrathecal morphine provides adequate and prolonged analgesia after cesarean. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of analgesia provided by two doses of intrathecal morphine and its side effects in patients undergoi...

Background: Nowadays tramadol is becoming abused more popular among teens in most countries worldwide; especially between males. The aim of present study was to investigate the histopathological and biochemical profiles of acute and chronic toxic effects of tramadol hydrochloride on hepatic, renal and testicular functions. Materials and methods: Sixty male adult albino Sprague-Dawley rats were ...