representation research is to develop content theories that achieve a high degree of both competency and coverage. We describe a new methodology for constructing formal theories in commonsense knowledge domains that complements traditional knowledge representation approaches by first addressing issues of coverage. We show how a close examination of a very general task (strategic planning) leads...

One of the main shortcomings of the traditional methods for combining theories is the complexity of guessing the arrangement of the variables shared by the individual theories. This paper presents a reformulation of the Nelson-Oppen method that takes into account explicit equality propagation and can ignore pairs of shared variables that the theories do not care about. We show the correctness o...

Traditional engineering instruction is deductive, beginning with theories and progressing to the applications of those theories. Alternative teaching approaches are more inductive. Topics are introduced by presenting specific observations, case studies or problems, and theories are taught or the students are helped to discover them only after the need to know them has been established. This stu...

in diasporic literature the question of identity is tangled with the question of history. this study aims at discussing how yasmin crowther reviews the persian tradition in the saffron kitchen, her autobiographical novel which is mainly set-in early 60s, iran. the novel focuses on evoking and rewriting history by using different types of counter narratives that contrast with iranian hegemonic d...

The field of Applied Literature is concerned with the practical usages of literature, including the potentials of literature to empower and transform individuals. Jungian criticism, with its suggestions of the possibility of individuation and self-actualization in individuals, has been an important source for scholars in the field of Applied Literature for healing. Still, the traditional Jungia...

The term “nonrational” denotes a heterogeneous class of theories of decision making designed to overcome problems with traditional “rational” theories. Nonrational theories have been denoted by various terms, including models of bounded rationality, procedural rationality, and satisfi cing. Although there is as yet no agreed-upon defi nition of “nonrational,” rational and nonrational theories t...

The goal of this chapter is to provide a thumbnail sketch of the traditional criteria for symbolic behavior, and to then outline new themes that have emerged in contemporary work and points of departure from the traditional views. This chapter and the volume as a whole suggest that it is time to move beyond the scope of traditional theories, and call for a redefinition of the criteria for symbo...

We refine our algebraic axiomatization in [8, 9] of epistemic actions and epistemic update (notions defined in [5, 6] using a relational, Kripke-style semantics), to incorporate a mechanism for dynamic belief revision in a multi-agent setting. Our approach has a number of novel features, when compared with traditional belief revision systems such as AGM [2]. Firstly: while traditional belief re...

The essence of the traditional Chinese medicine has always been the most advanced and experienced therapeutic approach in the world. It has knowledge that can impact the direction of future modern medical development; still, it is easy to find simple knowledge with mark of times and special cultures. The basic structure of traditional Chinese medicine is composed of three parts: one consistent ...