Live Tor network experiments are difficult due to Tor’s distributed nature and the privacy requirements of its client base. Alternative experimentation approaches, such as simulation and emulation, must make choices about how to model various aspects of the Internet and Tor that are not possible or not desirable to duplicate or implement directly. This paper methodically models the Tor network ...

We propose in this paper a new propagation vector for malicious software by abusing the Tor network. Tor is particularly relevant, since operating a Tor exit node is easy and involves low costs compared to attack institutional or ISP networks. After presenting the Tor network from an attacker perspective, we describe an automated exploitation malware which is operated on a Tor exit node targeti...

DNA replication is a highly regulated process, with each genomic locus replicating at a distinct time of replication (ToR). Advances in ToR measurement technology enabled several genome-wide profiling studies that revealed tight associations between ToR and general genomic features and a remarkable ToR conservation in mammals. Genome wide studies further showed that at the hundreds kb-to-megaba...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES El Tor Vibrio cholerae O1 carrying ctxB C trait, so-called El Tor variant that causes more severe symptoms than the prototype El Tor strain, first detected in Bangladesh was later shown to have emerged in India in 1992. Subsequently, similar V. cholerae strains were isolated in other countries in Asia and Africa. Thus, it was of interest to investigate the characteristic...

TOR (target of rapamycin) is a phosphatidylinositol kinase-related protein kinase that controls cell growth in response to nutrients. Rapamycin is an immunosuppressive and anticancer drug that acts by inhibiting TOR. The modes of action of TOR and rapamycin are remarkably conserved from S. cerevisiae to humans. The current understanding of TOR and rapamycin is derived largely from studies with ...

Toremifene (TOR) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer and in clinical trials for prostate cancer prevention. The chemical structure of TOR differs from that of tamoxifen (TAM) by the presence of a chlorine atom in the ethyl side chain, resulting in a more favorable toxicity spectrum with TOR. In addition, some patients who fail on TAM therapy ben...

RATIONALE Although a cardioprotective function of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling inhibition has been suggested by pharmacological studies using rapamycin, genetic evidences are still lacking. We explored adult zebrafish as a novel vertebrate model for dissecting signaling pathways in cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE We generated the second adult zebrafish cardiomyopathy model induced by doxorub...

This technical report describes the protocol for first Term of Reference (TOR 1) European Commission request scientific and assistance on African swine fever (ASF). TOR 1 requests annual descriptive epidemiological analysis spread impact ASF in domestic pig wild boar populations affected EU Member States neighbouring countries. presents interpretation TOR, questions elements mandate, data metho...

background cholera is a severe diarrheal illness caused by vibrio cholerae, which produces a virulence factor named el tor hemolysin encoded by the hlya gene. objectives this study meant to analyze the phenotypic characteristics and presence of hlya gene in v. cholerae isolated from patients in iran. the hlya gene which codes for hemolysin, plays an essential role in manifestation of cholera ,a...

The Tor network provides low-latency anonymous communication to over two million users daily. To be practical for widespread use, Tor uses onion routing, which does not protect a user against an adversary that can observe a user’s traffic at certain vulnerable positions along the traffic’s route through the Internet. A natural defense would be to choose Tor relays to minimize the chance that th...