This paper presents some basic concepts of linear and non linear fracture mechanics, with particular attention to some aspects related to hard soils and rocks such as the behaviour of cracks in compression. A non-linear method is presented in particular, which allows to simulate the process zone at the crack tip as a cohesive crack, where shear resistance decays from the peak to the residual va...

We use a discrete-time formulation of the asymmetric avalanche process (ASAP) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 084301 (2001)]] of p particles on a finite ring of N sites to obtain an exact expression for the average avalanche size as a function of toppling probabilities and particle density rho=p/N. By mapping the model onto driven interface problems, we find that the ASAP incorporates the annealed Kardar...

We present some analytical results for the stochastic sandpile model, studied earlier by Manna. In this model, the operators corresponding to particle addition at different sites commute. The eigenvalues of operators satisfy a system of coupled polynomial equations. For an L×L square, we construct a nontrivial toppling invariant, and hence a ladder operator which acting on eigenvectors of evolu...

Abstract Even after decades of intensive research, assessing rock slope stability remains a challenge. One reason for this is the spatial variability bridges (RBs) related to non-persistent, pre-existing geological structures, especially as detection RBs generally limited post-failure period. Thus, identification and classification their inclusion in numerical studies are demanding, yet essenti...

Bulk dissipation of a sandpile on a square lattice with the periodic boundary condition is investigated through a dissipating probability f during each toppling process. We find that the power-law behavior is broken for f>10(-1) and not evident for 10(-1)}>f>10(-2). In the range 10(-2)>or=f>or=10(-5), numerical simulations for the toppling size exponents of all, dissipative, and last waves have...

Flexural toppling is typically observed in anti-dip bedding rock slopes with a set of steeply dipping parallel joints against the slope face. This failure occurs due to bending strata, similar cantilever beams. However, exact surface usually unknown, which leads an assumption regarding location and shape that must be made theoretical analysis. serves as basis for stability analysis but may lead...

This Study aims at rock Slopes Stability for formation in limb northـeastern poor anticline (Fatha, Injana and Mukdadyah). In (5) Stations, representing all types of failures (taken place possible). General Survey included Classification engineering description according to [1][2]. The slopes the area are Classified based on direction Strike beds into Parallel Oblique Lateral [3] Slope Types Co...

In a severe earthquake, the walls of brick buildings experience in-plane shear and out-of-plane bending, leading to diagonal crack corner failure, respectively. this study, an experimental investigation was carried out observe above damages on masonry reinforced with geogrid embedded in bed joint mortar walls. It observed that panels showed better strength, lateral ductility, etc. A qualitative...