In the change detection application of remote sensing, commonly the variation in the brightness values of the pixels/objects in bi-temporal image is used as an indicator for detecting changes. However, there exist effects, other than a change in the objects that can cause variations in the brightness values. One of the effects is the illumination difference on steep surfaces mainly steeproofs o...

The effect of incidence angle on the intensity of laser backscatter has been studied in photonics and optics, but the applications of these results to remote sensing of natural land targets are limited, as well as the availability of experimental validation data for airborne and terrestrial laser scanning, where the incidence angle correction using the Lambertian scattering law is common. We ha...

Vegetation can reflect the ecological characteristics of soil, water and temperature, which is great significance for protecting environment. growth affected by topographic features such as elevation, slope aspect. Due to autocorrelation topography vegetation index, current research does not fully consider influence on relationship between index factors. Therefore, it necessary eliminate throug...

In rugged terrain, the accuracy of surface reflectance estimations is compromised by atmospheric and topographic effects. We propose a new method to simultaneously eliminate atmospheric and terrain effects in Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images based on a 30 m digital elevation model (DEM) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) atmospheric products. Moreover, we define a norm...

Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) is a well-known acronym in qualitative research. Nowadays, qualitative researchers are inclined to apply such software for various purposes. Critiques of the use of CAQDAS in qualitative research focus on the term “analysis”, claiming that that the tool does little to analyze data. According to these critiques, some users of CAQDAS a...

Use of the grounded theory research method (GTM) is increasing across many fields of inquiry. Understanding the GTM and how to apply it is therefore a key task for researchers examining the possibility of using this method in their research. Since its introduction by Glaser and Strauss in 1967, GTM has evolved into two major streams, and there has been a continual debate about the choice betwee...

ion over analog and new model Spawning of adaptation goals Adaptation strategy 1 SBF model of GTM Adaptation strategy n Adaptation goal GTM Evaluation of new model Retrieval of GTMs Instantiation of GTMs Composition of behaviors Analog Analogical transfer New model New model GTM Figure 3. Model-based analogy in Ideal. .