NHC-Pd-PEPPSI-catalyzed α-alkylation of ketones with primary alcohols and tandem Suzuki–Miyaura-coupling/α-alkylation reactions under borrowing hydrogen conditions were reported.

Amines are the most important building blocks employed in modern medicinal chemistry. Secondary amines are regularly prepared by the alkylation or reductive amination of the parent amines through transition metal, typically precious metals, catalyzed reactions. In the past few years, the catalytic alkylation of amines with alcohols under hydrogenborrowing conditions as well as the catalytic red...

occupational exposure to toluene is associated with development and progression of renal failure. however, the cellular mechanisms by which these agents cause renal dysfunction and injury remain elusive. the present study investigates the effect of toluene on animal model (rat) kidney to present a broader understanding of the mechanism by which toluene causes renal injury. adult male rats recei...

The present work describes the biofiltration of mixture of n-propanol (as a model hydrophilic volatile organic compound (VOC)) and toluene (as a model hydrophobic VOC) in a biofilter packed with a compost-woodchip mixture. Initially, the biofilter was fed with toluene vapours at loadings up to 175 g m(-3) h(-1) and removal efficiencies of 70%-99% were observed. The biofilter performance when re...

alpha-Diphenylphosphinoyl ketones are selectively and sequentially alkylated at the alpha-position. Double lithiation and selective alkylation occurs at the less stabilised gamma-position. Dephosphinoylation of the alkylation products gives ketones. Mono-alkylation is selective, highly crystalline intermediates are formed and a one-pot strategy is possible. The method is ideally suited for the ...

A concise synthetic strategy has been developed for the synthesis of the macrolactone core 2 of a unique polyketide callyspongiolide 1. The key features of the strategy included an Evan's asymmetric alkylation, diastereoselective Michael type alkylation, Brown's asymmetric allylation reaction, an allylic alkylation of an activated Z-allylic alcohol and an intramolecular Z-selective intramolecul...

The organic solvent toluene is used widely in industry and is toxic to the central nervous system (CNS). To clarify the mechanisms of CNS toxicity following toluene exposure, especially with respect to the G protein-coupling of receptors, we determined the effects of toluene on the activation of Gi by stimulating human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor m2 subtypes (hm2 receptors) expressed in C...

Alkylating agents are commonly used to treat cancer. Although base excision repair (BER) is a major pathway for repairing DNA alkylation damage, under certain conditions, the initiation of BER produces toxic repair intermediates that damage healthy tissues. The initiation of BER by the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG, a.k.a. MPG) can mediate alkylation-induced cytotoxicity in specific cells i...

BACKGROUND Toluenediamines are harmful substances. Toluene-2,4-diamine has been assigned to Carcinogen 1B hazard class, pursuant to Regulation (European Community - EC) No. 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and toluene- 2,6-diamine to Mutagen 2 hazard class. The main routes of exposure to toluene-2,4-diamine and toluene-2,6-diamine are via the respiratory tract and the sk...