Artifacts of cold-hammered native gold have been discovered in a secure and undisturbed Terminal Archaic burial context at Jiskairumoko, a multicomponent Late Archaic-Early Formative period site in the southwestern Lake Titicaca basin, Peru. The burial dates to 3776 to 3690 carbon-14 years before the present (2155 to 1936 calendar years B.C.), making this the earliest worked gold recovered to d...

Copper, silver, and gold exploitation has been a foundation of economic socio-cultural development Andean societies, at least for the last three millennia. The main centers pre-colonial metallurgy are well-known from archeological artifacts, but temporal gaps inherent in this record handicap finer understanding modalities ore by succeeding civilizations. A continuous over time trace metals emit...

This study investigates the differences in interaction and perception of environmental problems Titicaca National Reserve between households rural urban areas its buffer-zone. We conducted semi-structured interviews surveys a test difference. Results show significant socioeconomic profile households. Rural is associated with use resources as source food livestock, while area it to recreation. T...

southern basin of Lake Titicaca (Lago Wiñaymarka) conTwo century-scale time series in northern Bolivia constrain the tains an incomplete Holocene record because it was almost ages of abrupt changes in the physical, geochemical, and biological completely desiccated prior to about 3500 C yr B.P. (Wirrcharacteristics of sediments obtained from lakes that formed durmann et al., 1990; Wirrmann and M...