background: in this study the basic radiation properties of n-isopropylacrylamaide polymer gel dosimeter were determined together with verification of its soft tissue equivalency. materials and methods: the nipam gel was prepared and irradiated approximately 2 h after manufacturing. the magnetic resonance (mr) images were made 24 h after irradiation. the nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) respons...

PURPOSE This work investigated the proton tissue-equivalence of various 3D printed materials. METHODS Three 3D printers were used to create 5 cm cubic phantoms made of different plastics with varying percentages of infill. White resin, polylactic acid (PLA), and NinjaFlex plastics were used. The infills ranged from 15% to 100%. Each phantom was scanned with a CT scanner to obtain the HU value...

The aim of this study is to determine the effects correction-based algorithms on dose distributions in inhomogeneous medium and dosimetric parameters depending preferred breast lung treatment plans. In planning system (TPS) which Pencil Beam Convolution (PBC) calculation algorithm used, calculations were performed different Modified Batho Equivalent Tissue-Air Ratio (ETAR) for soft tissue, bone...

The depth-dose distribution of proton beams in materials currently used in dosimetry measurements, such as liquid water, PMMA or graphite are calculated with the SEICS (Simulation of Energetic Ions and Clusters through Solids) code, where all the relevant effects in the evaluation of the energy deposited by the beam in the target are included, such as electronic energy-loss (including energy-lo...

Breast density is more and more considered as an important risk factor for breast cancer and several quantitative breast density evaluation methods have been proposed. The reference material for simulation of the breast attenuation properties of glandular and adipose breast tissues is manufactured by a single provider. In order to characterize the attenuation properties of these materials, meas...

PURPOSE The authors present a calibration method for a prototype proton computed tomography (pCT) scanner. The accuracy of these measurements depends upon careful calibration of the energy detector used to measure the residual energy of the protons that passed through the object. METHODS A prototype pCT scanner with a cesium iodide (CsI(Tl)) crystal calorimeter was calibrated by measuring the...

Introduction: Proton therapy is a type of radiation treatment that it uses protons to treat cancer. Because of the protons’ unique ability to distribute the radiation dose more directly to the tumor, it minimizes the damage to nearby healthy tissues. The rate of energy loss by the ion in the target is called stopping power. The total stopping power is sum nuclear and electroni...

A theoretical ac impedance model of biological tissue has been proposed after studying a cellular membrane using X-ray diffraction technique [1], a metal/organic system using ac impedance spectroscopy [2] and reviewing two pieces of literature of similar topics [3,4]. This paper emphasizes ac impedance techniques which can be used to study any heterogeneous materials in order to develop a lumpe...

Abstract To research the improvements of clinical imaging human tissues, tissue-equivalent materials are one reasonable strategies for evaluating impact radiation dosages on tissues. Hence, considering mass and linear attenuation coefficients is a promising method to foresee appropriate tissue-identical material. In this examination, we utilise built-up estimations elemental compositions (mass ...