BACKGROUND Noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) now regularly produces atomic-resolution images on a wide range of surfaces, and has demonstrated the capability for atomic manipulation solely using chemical forces. Nonetheless, the role of the tip apex in both imaging and manipulation remains poorly understood and is an active area of research both experimentally and theoretically. Recen...

We have investigated field-emission patterns from a clean tungsten tip apex induced by femtosecond laser pulses. Strongly asymmetric modulations of the field-emission intensity distributions are observed depending on the polarization of the light and the laser incidence direction relative to the azimuthal orientation of tip apex. In effect, we have realized an ultrafast pulsed field-emission so...

The aim of this study was to identify the fragment's shape by evaluating olecranon fractures. We examined the CT images of 48 olecranon fractures (28 women and 20 men). Mean age was 59.9 years. On the olecranon's posterior surface, we measured the distance between the apex of the olecranon fragment and the radial edge of the flat spot on the short axis and the width of the flat spot on the same...

decade, [ 15 ] beginning with the use of fi bers as mounting structures [ 16–19 ] and progressing onto the use of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) tips. [ 6,8,13,20,21 ] While mounting nanoparticles onto SPM tips is more diffi cult than with fi bers the additional capabilities of the SPM tip have made such tips desirable. However , these tips typically require complicated assembly processes to p...

Subcapital femoral neck fractures are a rare complication after fixation of an intertrochanteric fracture with a proximal femoral nail. We report 2 such cases where the patients had severe osteoporosis, based on Singh's index and pathological findings. In one case there was a technical error leading to a tip-apex distance of more than 20 mm, but osteoporosis appeared to be a more significant ca...

In this paper we correlate the Atomic Force Microscope probe movement with surface location while scanning in the imaging and Force versus distance modes. Static and dynamic stick-slip processes are described on a scale of nanometres to microns on a range of samples. We demonstrate the limits and range of the tip apex being fixed laterally in the force versus distance mode and static friction s...

Abstract Background The depth of bolt in Femoral neck system (FNS, DePuy Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland) is difficult to finely control as the length units 5 mm. Thus, this study introduces a method FNS analogue scale patients with femoral fracture. Methods By technique reaming and retraction bolt, tip implant could be positioned close subchondral bone without harming it. position four cases wh...