Abstract The study aims to analyse the architectural typology and determine period of construction for preserved traditional mosques Quzzat Quarter in Old City Herat (known as Pearl Khorasan). Twenty-nine are located area, three which modern 26 traditional. Twelve out still exist have their landscape. Using analogy water cisterns mosques, we when each mosque was developed establish development ...

Abstract The Rare Books department at the Free Library of Philadelphia owns a deluxe manuscript Sa'di's Kulliyat , originally produced in mid-sixteenth century Shiraz and substantially modified more modern times. Among alterations was insertion copy famous Timurid painting “Humay Humayun garden”, belonging to Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris. version Paris likely based on either published repro...

Abstract The celebrated universal Islamic history, Mīrkhwānd's Tārīkh-i Rauḍat al-ṣafā , written in Herat the late Timurid period, became a model for later Persian histories, but has not yet been subject of any substantial critical analysis as work historical literature, or terms its manuscript transmission. Although numerous copies exist different volumes text, only handful have illustrated, p...

The most valuable representative of the Chagatai language, which developed as a continuation Khwarezm Turkish, was formed in Timurid period under influence Islamic civilization Greater Turkestan region, is great writer and language scholar Alişir Nevâî. After that, different ideas interpretations are presented on literary genre features work Zahirüddin Muhammed Bâbürşah, who contributed to lite...

this paper seeks to investigate a new definition for architecture by unifying the three vitruvian principles of firmitas, utilities, and venustas via a phenomenological approach in the interpretation and analysis of their role in defining architecture. the paper is composed in two main sections. the first section investigates the nature of architecture based on the mentioned principles, where a...