The use of self-tapping screws with continuous threads in the joint area as a reinforcement to avoid splitting of timber members is studied. A theoretical model is developed to calculate the stress distribution around a pin-loaded hole in a timber joint, to predict brittle failure modes in bolted connections and to calculate the load in the reinforcing screws. Laboratory experiments on reinforc...

one of the most visible aspects of a forest stand structure is the spatial patterns of trees. competition affects on forest structure and its understanding is important, when the purpose of forest management is to imitate the dynamic of natural ecosystems. for this purpose, an unmanaged intact forest was selected with 26 hectares area. all chestnut leaf oak (quercus castaneifolia) trees with a ...

Throughout human history, slow-renewal biological resource populations have been predictably overexploited, often to the point of economic extinction. We assess whether and how this has occurred with timber resources in the Brazilian Amazon. The asynchronous advance of industrial-scale logging frontiers has left regional-scale forest landscapes with varying histories of logging. Initial harvest...

The FTM-West (“Fuel Treatment Market” model for U.S. West) is a dynamic partial market equilibrium model of regional softwood timber and wood product markets, designed to project future market impacts of expanded fuel treatment programs that remove trees to reduce fire hazard on forestlands in the U.S. West. The model solves sequentially the annual equilibria in wood markets over a historical p...

Combining protected areas with natural forest timber concessions may sustain larger forest landscapes than is possible via protected areas alone. However, the role of timber concessions in maintaining natural forest remains poorly characterized. An estimated 57% (303,525 km²) of Kalimantan's land area (532,100 km²) was covered by natural forest in 2000. About 14,212 km² (4.7%) had been cleared ...

The British Columbian Ministry of Forests proposed an auction design to achieve fair market prices for its standing timber. Because the Crown owns almost all the standing timber in British Columbia, the Ministry proposed to auction a portion of that timber, and use the auction prices to set stumpage rates for timber under long-term tenure. In this manner, the private industry, and not the Crown...

Throughout Southeast Asia, the situation today is essentially the same. A deadly combination of poorly regulated commercial logging and a thriving illegal timber trade are decimating forest resources across the region. According to the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization, SE Asia has the highest rate of deforestation in the world (Fahn 2003). Ecological destruction of this scale has profound...

A forest owner with hyperbolic time preferences is considered. At each period the irreversible decision to harvest an old-growth forest could be taken. Conservation is the alternative. Future amenity value flow is uncertain while the net value of stumpage timber is known and constant. The decision problem is expressed as an optimal stopping problem and solved analytically in a time-inconsistent...

Because non-industrial private forests (NIPFs) comprise over 60% of forestland, NIPF owners may substantially affect timber supply and ecosystem quality. A dynamic model shows that NIPF owners may maximize timber income despite receiving utility from nontimber goods. The model links landowners' behavior to ecosystem management by introducing the ecosystem as an alternative source of nontimber g...

There are very few resources available to the timber industry that will enable the accurate identification of major tree species within Papua New Guinea. The unnecessary destruction of rare and otherwise valuable tree species has, in part, resulted from the inability to distinguish these species from the preferred timber species. Furthermore, the mixture of unwanted timber with that from prefer...