introduction: insurance considered as the main financial resource of hospitals but hospitals have disagreement with insuring organizations in some financial cases and usually they do not received all their insurance claims. the aim of current research was to review the causes of deductions  in insurance bills in seyed alshahada hospital and suggest some suitable approaches. methods: in this des...

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate surface topography of WaveOne Gold (WOG) and WaveOne (WO) files using SEM before and after use. Methods: Twelve primary files from each system were scanned for surface defects before instrumentation at 100x and 750x. Each file was planned ti be used to instrument six root canals and then examined under SEM after preparing one, three and six...

Aim- The aim of this in-vitro study was to compare the effect NaOCl, EDTA, Propolis and Distilled water on cyclic fatigue resistance Protaper Gold rotary NiTi instruments.
 Method- A total 40 commercially available (n =40) Ni-Ti files were used assess different root canal irrigants their resistance. divided into four groups (n=10 per group) as Group 1- (Control group), 2 – 5.25 % 3 -17% ED...