The purpose of this study was to document range-of-motion differences and radiographic changes in the dominant shoulder of skeletally immature throwers and to determine how pain associated with throwing may relate to these changes. Seventy-nine male youth baseball players (aged 8-15 years) completed a questionnaire, a shoulder examination, and a series of radiographs to determine physeal change...

For medical or sports applications, human motor control is frequently analyzed. In this study, we focus on dart throwing motion and investigate the human motor skill to achieve precision control and force generation. The joint coordination is related to stability and accuracy of movements for precision control. On the other hand, the joint correlation is related to transfer of forces and moveme...

Intra-individual variability may affect discus throwing performance. Previous studies assumed the movement patterns of skilled discus throwers were relatively invariant [1]. Research in other sports has shown less variability in skilled athletes compared to unskilled athletes, while some studies suggested a potential increase in functional variability in elite athletes [2]. The relationships be...

The degree of valuation and competency that we give to ourselves determines our self-esteem. We may boost self-esteem by having a good perception bodies as well the physical talents abilities develop through sports. gain sense positive self-worth consequence praise receive family friends, social bonds form result participation in sports activity. Self-esteem plays key role athletic performance ...

tress fractures occur typically in the lower extremity, caused by impact loading from running, walking, or jumping. In one large series, Matheson and colleagues [1] reported on 320 stress fractures, in which 90% occurred in the lower extremity. However, upper-extremity stress fractures are now being recognized more frequently. These fractures occur either as a result of repetitive loading at th...

Presently the degree to which peak force influences power production or explosive performance such as strength training movements or throwing (shot-put and weight-throw) is unclear. This study describes the relationships between a measure of maximum strength, isometric peak force (IPF), dynamic peak force (PF), peak power (PP), the 1-repetition movement power snatch (SN), and throwing ability o...

Cardiopulmonary receptor control of the circulation is impaired in a variety of diseases having cardiac hypertrophy as a common feature. Whether this also occurs in the so-called "physiological" cardiac hypertrophy of the athlete, however, is unknown. We studied nine sedentary healthy subjects and 19 age-matched professional runners or hammer throwers who had trained at least 2 hours per day, 5...

BACKGROUND Despite the recognized importance of proper 3-dimensional motion of the scapula in throwers, minimal research has quantified scapular position and orientation in throwing athletes. HYPOTHESIS Throwing athletes exhibit scapular position and orientation differences when compared to nonthrowing control subjects. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS Scapular position ...

We studied 21 former top-class competitive javelin throwers to investigate radiological and clinical symptoms in the lumbar spine many years after the end of their athletic careers. The athletes underwent clinical and radiological examinations at an average of 20 years after retiring from athletics. The Hannover questionnaire was used to evaluate functional restrictions in daily living. Degener...