copper thin films with nano-scale structure have numerous applications in modern technology.  in this work, cu thin films with different thicknesses from 50–220 nm have been deposited on glass substrate by dc magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature in pure ar gas. the sputtering time was considered in 4, 8, 12 and 16 min, respectively. the thickness effect on the structural, morpholo...

In this paper, non-linear dynamics analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) shell structures is investigated using the higher order solid-shell element based on the Enhanced Assumed Strain (EAS). With this element, a quadratic distribution of the shear stress through the thickness is considered in an enhancing part. Material properties of the shell structure are varied continuously in the...

We study pull-in instabilities in a functionally graded microelectromechanical system (MEMS) due to the heat produced by the electric current. Material properties of two-phase MEMS are assumed to vary continuously in the thickness direction. It is shown that the pull-in voltage strongly depends upon the variation through the thickness of the volume fractions of the two constituents. It is proba...

Free vibration characteristics of continuous grading fiber orientation (CGFO) beams resting on variable Winkler and two-parameter elastic foundations have been studied. The beam is under different boundary conditions and assumed to have arbitrary variations of fiber orientation in the thickness direction. The governing differential equations for beam vibration are being solved using Generalized...

Previous studies have indicated that vertical root fracture tends to occur in a buccolingual direction, where dentin thickness is greatest. Factors potentially influencing the location and direction of root fracture include root canal shape, external root morphology, and dentin thickness. In this finite-element study, simulated root sections were varied systematically with respect to canal size...

A three-dimensional exact solution is presented for free and forced vibrations of simply supported functionally graded rectangular plates. Suitable displacement functions that identically satisfy boundary conditions are used to reduce equations governing steady state vibrations of a plate to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations, which are then solved by employing the power series me...

Reinhold Dauskardt Stanford University, Professor Materials Sciences and Engineering The stratum corneum (SC) is the outermost layer of the skin. Its process of reneweal is regulated by various mechanisms, including chemical and structural gradients through the SC thickness. In this study, an in vitro mechanics approach for studying the delamination behavior of SC in the direction perpendicular...

in this research three-dimensional free vibration analysis of functionally graded circular plate with various boundary conditions is achieved. a semi-analytical method, which makes use of the state space method and the one-dimensional differential quadrature method, is used to obtain the vibration frequencies and dynamic responses of circular plates. numerical results are given to demonstrate t...